“…In other cases, candidates may retest after failing to gain admission to graduate or professional programs in their desired field (Cliffordson, 2004; Lievens et al, 2005). In addition, retesting may be prompted by academic program requirements stipulating that candidates achieve a given score on a standardized test (Lane, Penn, & Fischer, 1966). In employment contexts, candidates likely choose to retest because their initial score did not lead to a job offer (Hausknecht & Howard, 2004; Thomas, Busciglio, & Goldenberg, 2004) or because they believed that retesting would enhance their chances for a promotion (Tuzinski et al, 2005).…”