Millennial to orbital-scale variations of drought intensity in the Eastern Mediterranean

Stockhecke, Mona; Timmermann, Axel; Kipfer, Rolf; Haug, Gerald H.; Kwiecien, Ola; Friedrich, Tobias; Menviel, Laurie; Litt, Thomas; Pickarski, Nadine; Anselmetti, Flavio S.

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.12.016

Cited by 93 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…According to a hydroclimate reconstruction (see PC1 in Fig. 5) using a suite of proxy records sensitive to lake level fluctuations of Lake Van, and transient model simulations from an Earth System model LOVECLIM (Goosse et al 2010), higher SSTs in the North Atlantic correspond to increased precipitation in the eastern Mediterranean (Stockhecke et al 2016). Our results therefore support the correspondence of climate linkages between the North Atlantic and eastern Mediterranean.…”

Section: Interglacial Comparisonssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The age model of the complete sedimentary sequence recovered from Lake Van is detailed in Stockhecke et al (2014bStockhecke et al ( , 2016 (Barker et al 2011;Cheng et al 2009;Andersen et al 2004;Rasmussen et al 2006;Svensson et al 2008). All data presented use the refined chronology by Stockhecke et al (2016).…”

Section: Lithostratigraphy and Chronology Of The Paleovan Drill Coresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All data presented use the refined chronology by Stockhecke et al (2016). Marine Isotope Stage boundaries follow Lisiecki and Raymo (2005) and the nomenclature of the substages follow Jouzel et al (2007).…”

Section: Lithostratigraphy and Chronology Of The Paleovan Drill Coresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of a fragmentary diatom record from Lake Van (Turkey) reveals substantial lake-level variability during previous interglacials MIS7 and MIS5e

et al. 2017

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Ancient lake sediments provide opportunities to reconstruct aquatic ecosystems during previous interglacials. In the summer of 2010, the ICDP project PALEOVAN drilled a complete succession of the lacustrine sedimentary sequence deposited during the last *600,000 years in Lake Van, eastern Anatolia (Turkey). Previous palaeolimnological analysis of the Lake Van sediment record has shown diatoms to be absent over most of the sequence apart from a short interval during the Holocene. Here, we demonstrate the preservation of additional fragmentary diatom records during Marine Isotope Stage , each spanning no more than a few thousand years. Although brief, the presence of contrasting diatom assemblages between these two interglacials provide a snapshot of varying water depth and, by inference, climate. Analysis of MIS7e samples suggests that lake water levels were low after a period when the lake was open (i.e., high lake levels with the presence of an outflow present), resulting in higher salinities and possibly less stable bottom waters, which switched between anoxic and oxic states more frequently. By contrast, the diatom assemblages during MIS5e are characteristic of fresh, relatively nutrient rich waters. This suggests that lake levels were high, that the lake was hydrologically open with an outlet, and that the bottom waters were anoxic for long periods of time. Furthermore, our palaeoconductivity estimates and modelling of the past lake volumes with respect to its salt content support the presence of an outflow.

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Section: Interglacial Comparisonssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Lithostratigraphy and Chronology Of The Paleovan Drill Coresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of a fragmentary diatom record from Lake Van (Turkey) reveals substantial lake-level variability during previous interglacials MIS7 and MIS5e

et al. 2017

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“…Genty et al, 2003;Rohling et al, 2003;Margari et al, 2009;Fletcher et al, 2013;Naafs et al, 2014;Seierstad et al, 2014;Stockhecke et al, 2016). In the eastern Mediterranean, D/O events may have influenced regional hydrology and led to large-scale droughts during the past four glacial cycles (Stockhecke et al, 2016). HE are distinctively represented by deposition of ice-rafted debris (IRD) in North Atlantic marine cores (e.g.…”

Section: Sub-orbital Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The environmental and evolutionary history of Lake Ohrid (FYROM/Albania): interim results from the SCOPSCO deep drilling project

et al. 2017

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Abstract. This study reviews and synthesises existing information generated within the SCOPSCO (Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Conditions in Lake Ohrid) deep drilling project. The four main aims of the project are to infer (i) the age and origin of Lake Ohrid (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia/Republic of Albania), (ii) its regional seismotectonic history, (iii) volcanic activity and climate change in the central northern Mediterranean region, and (iv) the influence of major geological events on the evolution of its endemic species. The Ohrid basin formed by transtension during the Miocene, opened during the Pliocene and Pleistocene, and the lake established de novo in the still relatively narrow valley between 1.9 and 1.3 Ma. The lake history is recorded in a 584 m long sediment sequence, which was recovered within the framework of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) from the central part (DEEP site) of the lake in spring 2013. To date, 54 tephra and cryptotephra horizons have been found in the upper 460 m of this sequence. Tephrochronology and tuning biogeochemical proxy data to orbital parameters revealed that the upper 247.8 m represent the last 637 kyr. The multi-proxy data set covering these 637 kyr indicates longterm variability. Some proxies show a change from generally cooler and wetter to drier and warmer glacial and interglacial periods around 300 ka. Short-term environmental change caused, for example, by tephra deposition or the climatic impact of millennial-scale Dansgaard-Oeschger and Heinrich events are superimposed on the long-term trends. Evolutionary studies on the extant fauna indicate that Lake Ohrid was not a refugial area for regional freshwater animals. This differs from the surrounding catchment, where the mountainous setting with relatively high water availability provided a refuge for temperate and montane trees during the relatively cold and dry glacial periods. Although Lake Ohrid experienced significant environmental change over the last 637 kyr, preliminary molecular data from extant microgastropod species do not indicate significant changes in diversification rate during this period. The reasons for this constant rate remain largely unknown, but a possible lack of environmentally induced extinction events in Lake Ohrid and/or the high resilience of the ecosystems may have played a role.

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“…6). The depleted isotope signature may result from summer meltwater discharge from local glaciers (e.g., Taurus mountains, Bitlis Massif) or increased precipitation identified by climate modeling experiments over the eastern Mediterranean basin (e.g., Stockhecke et al, 2016). However, the presence of Artemisia and Poaceae makes it difficult to disentangle the effects of warming from changes in moisture availability in both glacials.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Last Two Glacial Intervals At Lake Vanmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new high-resolution pollen sequence at Lake Van, Turkey: insights into penultimate interglacial–glacial climate change on vegetation history

Pickarski

Litt

2017

Clim. Past

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Abstract.A new detailed pollen and oxygen isotope record of the penultimate interglacial-glacial cycle, corresponding to the marine isotope stage (MIS) 7-6, has been generated from the Ahlat Ridge (AR) sediment core at Lake Van, Turkey. The presented Lake Van pollen record (ca. 250.2-128.8 ka) displays the highest temporal resolution in this region with a mean sampling interval of ∼ 540 years.The integration of all available proxies shows three temperate intervals of high effective soil moisture availability. This is evidenced by the predominance of steppe-forested landscapes (oak steppe-forest) similar to the present interglacial vegetation in this sensitive semiarid region between the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea.The wettest and warmest stage, as indicated by highest temperate tree percentages, can be broadly correlated with MIS 7c, while the amplitude of the tree population maximum during the oldest penultimate interglacial (MIS 7e) appears to be reduced due to warm but drier climatic conditions. The detailed comparison of the penultimate interglacial complex (MIS 7) to the last interglacial (Eemian, MIS 5e) and the current interglacial (Holocene, MIS 1) provides a vivid illustration of possible differences in the successive climatic cycles. Intervening periods of treeless vegetation can be correlated with MIS 7d and 7a, in which open landscapes favor local erosion and detrital sedimentation. The predominance of steppe elements (e.g., Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae) during MIS 7d indicates very dry and cold climatic conditions. In contrast, the occurrence of higher temperate tree percentages (mainly deciduous Quercus) throughout MIS 7b points to relatively humid and mild conditions, which is in agreement with other pollen sequences in southern Europe.Despite the general dominance of dry and cold desertsteppe vegetation during the penultimate glacial (broadly equivalent to MIS 6), this period can be divided into two parts: an early stage (ca. 193-157 ka) with higher oscillations in tree percentages and a later stage (ca. 157-131 ka) with lower tree percentages and subdued oscillations. This subdivision of the penultimate glacial is also seen in other pollen records from southern Europe (e.g., MD01-2444 and I-284;Margari et al., 2010;Roucoux et al., 2011). The occurring vegetation pattern is analogous to the division of MIS 3 and MIS 2 during the last glacial in the same sediment sequence. Furthermore, we are able to identify the MIS 6e event (ca. 179-159 ka) as described in marine pollen records, which reveals clear climate variability due to rapid alternation in the vegetation cover.In comparison with long European pollen archives, speleothem isotope records from the Near East, and global climate parameters (e.g., insolation, atmospheric CO 2 content), the new high-resolution Lake Van record presents an improved insight into regional vegetation dynamics and climate variability in the eastern Mediterranean region.

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Millennial to orbital-scale variations of drought intensity in the Eastern Mediterranean

Cited by 93 publications

References 95 publications

Analysis of a fragmentary diatom record from Lake Van (Turkey) reveals substantial lake-level variability during previous interglacials MIS7 and MIS5e

Analysis of a fragmentary diatom record from Lake Van (Turkey) reveals substantial lake-level variability during previous interglacials MIS7 and MIS5e

The environmental and evolutionary history of Lake Ohrid (FYROM/Albania): interim results from the SCOPSCO deep drilling project

A new high-resolution pollen sequence at Lake Van, Turkey: insights into penultimate interglacial–glacial climate change on vegetation history

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