“…Ziegler (2009) and Turner (2004) relate Heinrich events to more frequent El Niño events associated with precession-induced climate variability that originates between the tropics (to explain the sub-Milankovitch periods) and is exported to higher latitudes. Moreover, several modeling studies predict sub-Milankovitch variability through non-linear climate response (e.g., Braun et al, 2005, see also Hagelberg et al, 1994 and references therein), and numerous records (e.g., Steenbrink et al, 2003;Elrick and Hinnov, 1995;Shackleton, 1998, 1999;Zhao et al, 2006) indeed show such a pattern. Thus sub-Milankovitch variability has in particular been found in glacials of the last 2.5 Myr (Heinrich, 1988), although its origin may lie within the tropics (e.g., Hagelberg et al, 1994), suggesting that ice sheets amplify an initial (sub)orbital climate signal.…”