Abstract. BVI data of Galactic Cepheids observed in the solar neighborhood and in the outer disk are analyzed on the basis of nonlinear, non-local and time-dependent convective pulsating models computed for different assumptions on the chemical composition. We show that the theoretical color-color, period-luminosity, and period-luminosity-color relations, as predicted by the models with varying metal content, provide the way to simultaneously estimate the true distance modulus µ0 and the metal content Z of each individual variable. On this basis, we estimate that the metallicity distribution of Cepheids with Galactocentric distances d from ∼6 to ∼19 kpc can be represented by a linear gradient of −0.05 ± 0.01 dex kpc −1 , which is close to previous empirical determinations based on Cepheids, Planetary Nebulae and HII regions. However, our results are not excluding a different scenario, such as a two-zone model with a discontinuity in metallicity near d = 10 kpc (see Twarog et al. 1997).