Milking Machine Research Techniques

Townsend, J. S.; Shepardson, E. S.; Guest, R. W.; Switzer, K. O.; Hundtoft, E. B.; Millier, W. F.

doi:10.13031/2013.39979

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…This method does not appear to have any numerical issues, even though the minima are not isolated. Alternatively, one could add a soft constraint term, transpose G V G V − I , to the cost function (see for example Brock et al (2016)), or constrain E OL (t) T t=1 to a Grassmann manifold (Edelman et al (1998); Townsend et al (2016)).…”

Section: Estimation Based On Electric Field Order Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Order Estimation of the Speckle Electric Field History for Space-based Coronagraphs

Pogorelyuk

Kasdin

Rowley

2019

ApJ

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In high-contrast space-based coronagraphs, one of the main limiting factors for imaging the dimmest exoplanets is the time varying nature of the residual starlight (speckles). Modern methods try to differentiate between the intensities of starlight and other sources, but none incorporate models of space-based systems which can take into account actuations of the deformable mirrors. Instead, we propose formulating the estimation problem in terms of the electric field while allowing for dithering of the deformable mirrors. Our reduced-order approach is similar to intensity-based PCA (e.g. KLIP) although, under certain assumptions, it requires a considerably lower number of modes of the electric field. We illustrate this by a FALCO simulation of the WFIRST hybrid Lyot coronagraph. a)

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Section: Estimation Based On Electric Field Order Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Order Estimation of the Speckle Electric Field History for Space-based Coronagraphs

Pogorelyuk

Kasdin

Rowley

2019

ApJ

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Effect of Duration of Teat Cup Liner Closure Per Pulsation Cycle on Bovine Mastitis

Reitsma¹,

Cant²,

Grindal³

et al. 1981

Journal of Dairy Science

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Measurements of teat end expansion and contraction times from step changes in pressure suggest that teat ends require a minimal duration of liner closure for response. Effect of duration of liner closure per pulsation cycle on susceptibility of the udder to infection was tested. Four durations of liner closure (liner more than half closed) were applied: zero, .17, .34, and .51 s per pulsation cycle. For the latter three treatments, duration of the liner more than half open was .66 s per pulsation cycle, resulting in pulsation rates of 72.3, 60.0, and 51.3 pulsations per min. Four groups, each of 10 British Friesian cows, were in a 4-wk experiment. High bacterial exposure of all teats was ensured by dipping them before and after each milking in a suspension of Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Numbers of quarters becoming infected per treatment group were 20, 11, 4, and 5. This result represents both a significant inverse linear and quadratic relationship between proportion of quarters becoming infected and duration of liner closure. We conclude that a sufficient duration of liner closure, i.e., one-third of a second or more, per pulsation cycle contributes to reducing risk of new mammary gland infections.

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Milking Machine Research Techniques

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Reduced Order Estimation of the Speckle Electric Field History for Space-based Coronagraphs

Reduced Order Estimation of the Speckle Electric Field History for Space-based Coronagraphs

Effect of Duration of Teat Cup Liner Closure Per Pulsation Cycle on Bovine Mastitis

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