Milk-Specific IgE Reactivity Without Symptoms in Albumin-Sensitized Cat Allergic Patients

Karsonova, Antonina; Riabova, Ksenja; Khaitov, Musa; Elisyutina, O G; Ilina, N I; Феденко, Е С; Fomina, Daria; Beltyukov, E K; Bondarenko, N.L.; Евсегнеева, И. В.; Глазкова, П.А.; Semenov, Dmitry Yu.; Hage, Marianne van; Grönlund, Hans; Karaulov, Alexander; Valenta, Rudolf; Curin, Mirela

doi:10.4168/aair.2021.13.4.668

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Allergic sensitization to animal dander allergens can also be confounded by the presence of cross-reactive allergens in different animals. For example, albumin has been identified as a cross-reactive allergen in many animals and cow´s milk (81,82). IgE cross-reactivity between Fel d 7 and Can f 1 may confound the differential diagnosis of cat and dog allergy (83) and Fel d 4-related allergens may occur as cross-reactive allergen in different animals (84).…”

Section: Open Questions Which Need To Be Addressed By Molecular Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Allergen Recognition Profile in China as Basis for Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy

et al. 2021

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Approximately 30% of the world population suffers from immunoglobulin-E (IgE)-mediated allergy. IgE-mediated allergy affects the respiratory tract, the skin and the gastrointestinal tract and may lead to life-threatening acute systemic manifestations such as anaphylactic shock. The symptoms of allergy are mediated by IgE-recognition of causative allergen molecules from different allergen sources. Today, molecular allergy diagnosis allows determining the disease-causing allergens to develop allergen-specific concepts for prevention and treatment of allergy. Allergen-specific preventive and therapeutic strategies include allergen avoidance, vaccination, and tolerance induction. The implementation of these preventive and therapeutic strategies requires a detailed knowledge of the relevant allergen molecules affecting a given population. China is the world´s most populous country with around 1.4 billion inhabitants and an estimated number of more than 400 million allergic patients. Research in allergy in China has dramatically increased in the last decade. We summarize in this review article what is known about the dominating allergen sources and allergen molecules in China and what further investigations could be performed to draw a molecular map of IgE sensitization for China as a basis for the implementation of systematic and rational allergen-specific preventive and therapeutic strategies to combat allergic diseases in this country.

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Section: Open Questions Which Need To Be Addressed By Molecular Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Allergen Recognition Profile in China as Basis for Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy

et al. 2021

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“…Patients who are allergic to cats suffer from a variety of allergic symptoms, including respiratory symptoms such as rhinitis and asthma, conjunctivitis, and different manifestations of dermatitis (e.g., urticaria and atopic dermatitis) [5][6][7][8][9]. Certain cat allergen molecules such as Fel d 5 and Fel d 6, both of which may contain the carbohydrate galactose-α-1,3-galactose (i.e., α-Gal), and Fel d 2, cat albumin, may show immunoglobulin E (IgE) cross-reactivity with allergens involved in food allergies [10][11][12]. These allergens do not seem to be important in food allergy per se, but IgE cross-reactivity needs to be considered in the diagnosis of food allergy [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Certain cat allergen molecules such as Fel d 5 and Fel d 6, both of which may contain the carbohydrate galactose-α-1,3-galactose (i.e., α-Gal), and Fel d 2, cat albumin, may show immunoglobulin E (IgE) cross-reactivity with allergens involved in food allergies [10][11][12]. These allergens do not seem to be important in food allergy per se, but IgE cross-reactivity needs to be considered in the diagnosis of food allergy [12]. According to the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) allergen nomenclature, several cat allergen molecules have been described [13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Allergen-Specific IgE Recognition Profiles and Cumulative Specific IgE Levels Associated with Phenotypes of Cat Allergy

Riabova

Karsonova

Hage

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Cat allergy is a major trigger factor for respiratory reactions (asthma and rhinitis) in patients with immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization. In this study, we used a comprehensive panel of purified cat allergen molecules (rFel d 1, nFel d 2, rFel d 3, rFel d 4, rFel d 7, and rFel d 8) that were obtained by recombinant expression in Escherichia coli or by purification as natural proteins to study possible associations with different phenotypes of cat allergy (i.e., rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, and dermatitis) by analyzing molecular IgE recognition profiles in a representative cohort of clinically well-characterized adult cat allergic subjects (n = 84). IgE levels specific to each of the allergen molecules and to natural cat allergen extract were quantified by ImmunoCAP measurements. Cumulative IgE levels specific to the cat allergen molecules correlated significantly with IgE levels specific to the cat allergen extract, indicating that the panel of allergen molecules resembled IgE epitopes of the natural allergen source. rFel d 1 represented the major cat allergen, which was recognized by 97.2% of cat allergic patients; however, rFel d 3, rFel d 4, and rFel d 7 each showed IgE reactivity in more than 50% of cat allergic patients, indicating the importance of additional allergens in cat allergy. Patients with cat-related skin symptoms showed a trend toward higher IgE levels and/or frequencies of sensitization to each of the tested allergen molecules compared with patients suffering only from rhinitis or asthma, while there were no such differences between patients with rhinitis and asthma. The IgE levels specific to allergen molecules, the IgE levels specific to cat allergen extract, and the IgE levels specific to rFel d 1 were significantly higher in patients with four different symptoms compared with patients with 1–2 symptoms. This difference was more pronounced for the sum of IgE levels specific to the allergen molecules and to cat extract than for IgE levels specific for rFel d 1 alone. Our study indicates that, in addition to rFel d 1, rFel d 3, rFel d 4, and rFel d 7 must be considered as important cat allergens. Furthermore, the cumulative sum of IgE levels specific to cat allergen molecules seems to be a biomarker for identifying patients with complex phenotypes of cat allergy. These findings are important for the diagnosis of IgE sensitization to cats and for the design of allergen-specific immunotherapies for the treatment and prevention of cat allergy.

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“…Cow’s milk contains different amounts of allergen molecules that show different resistances against heating and digestion, and which, accordingly, have been suggested to be associated with very severe forms, as well as severe and mild forms of CMA. In addition, some compounds such as BSA do not seem to cause the relevant symptoms of CMA [ 9 , 15 , 17 , 18 ]. Individual CM allergens became available in the form of single allergen components, which allow for the measurement of IgE levels that are specific for certain allergens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Allergen Micro-Array (MAMA) for Refined Detection of Cow’s-Milk-Specific IgE Sensitization

et al. 2023

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Background: Immunoglobulin-E(IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity to cow’s milk allergens is a frequent cause of severe and life-threatening anaphylactic reactions. Besides case histories and controlled food challenges, the detection of the IgE antibodies specific to cow’s milk allergens is important for the diagnosis of cow-milk-specific IgE sensitization. Cow´s milk allergen molecules provide useful information for the refined detection of cow-milk-specific IgE sensitization. Methods: A micro-array based on ImmunoCAP ISAC technology was developed and designated milk allergen micro-array (MAMA), containing a complete panel of purified natural and recombinant cow’s milk allergens (caseins, α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin-BSA and lactoferrin), recombinant BSA fragments, and α-casein-, α-lactalbumin- and β-lactoglobulin-derived synthetic peptides. Sera from 80 children with confirmed symptoms related to cow’s milk intake (without anaphylaxis: n = 39; anaphylaxis with a Sampson grade of 1–3: n = 21; and anaphylaxis with a Sampson grade of 4–5: n = 20) were studied. The alterations in the specific IgE levels were analyzed in a subgroup of eleven patients, i.e., five who did not and six who did acquire natural tolerance. Results: The use of MAMA allowed a component-resolved diagnosis of IgE sensitization in each of the children suffering from cow’s-milk-related anaphylaxis according to Sampson grades 1–5 requiring only 20–30 microliters of serum. IgE sensitization to caseins and casein-derived peptides was found in each of the children with Sampson grades of 4–5. Among the grade 1–3 patients, nine patients showed negative reactivity to caseins but showed IgE reactivity to alpha-lactalbumin (n = 7) or beta-lactoglobulin (n = 2). For certain children, an IgE sensitization to cryptic peptide epitopes without detectable allergen-specific IgE was found. Twenty-four children with cow-milk-specific anaphylaxis showed additional IgE sensitizations to BSA, but they were all sensitized to either caseins, alpha-lactalbumin, or beta-lactoglobulin. A total of 17 of the 39 children without anaphylaxis lacked specific IgE reactivity to any of the tested components. The children developing tolerance showed a reduction in allergen and/or peptide-specific IgE levels, whereas those remaining sensitive did not. Conclusions: The use of MAMA allows for the detection, using only a few microliters of serum, of IgE sensitization to multiple cow’s milk allergens and allergen-derived peptides in cow-milk-allergic children with cow-milk-related anaphylaxis.

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Milk-Specific IgE Reactivity Without Symptoms in Albumin-Sensitized Cat Allergic Patients

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

The Molecular Allergen Recognition Profile in China as Basis for Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy

The Molecular Allergen Recognition Profile in China as Basis for Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy

Molecular Allergen-Specific IgE Recognition Profiles and Cumulative Specific IgE Levels Associated with Phenotypes of Cat Allergy

Milk Allergen Micro-Array (MAMA) for Refined Detection of Cow’s-Milk-Specific IgE Sensitization

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