Milk quality and hygiene: Knowledge, attitudes and practices of smallholder dairy farmers in central Kenya

Nyokabi, Simon; Luning, Pieternel A.; Boer, I.J.M. de; Korir, Luke; Muunda, Emmanuel M.; Bebe, Bockline Omedo; Lindahl, Johanna F.; Bett, Bernard K.; Oosting, S.J.

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108303

Cited by 44 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, it was revealed that none of the farmers used aluminum equipment rather all used plastic materials. The results are in accordance with the results by [36] who found that a minority of farmers adopted animal health measures and hygienic measures such as hand washing and udder cleaning. Moreover, unhygienic milking environments, the use of plastic containers, the use of untreated water, and the lack of teat dipping compromised milk quality and safety.…”

Section: A Milking Hygiene Milk Storage and Milk Safetysupporting

confidence: 91%

Milking Hygiene and Handling Practices among Smallholder Dairy Farmers in Zanzibar

Andrew

Chusi

Mwembezi

2021

EJFOOD

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The livestock farming especially dairy industry is among the important components of the livestock sector in Zanzibar in terms source of animal protein, income, and employment. The present study was meant to investigate milking hygiene and handling practices among smallholder dairy farmers in Zanzibar. Cross-sectional study was conducted whereby a structured questionnaire was addressed to 359 dairy cattle farmers. The assessment of milking hygiene and handling practices among smallholder dairy farmers on were analyzed and then judged based on the selected indicators of good dairy farming practices of FAO and International Dairy Federation (IDF) and IDF, (FAO, 2011) and Zanzibar Food and Drug Board standard. The results revealed low milking hygiene and good handling practices. In addition, based on the Zanzibar Food and Drug Board’ standards, farmers comply lowly with milk quality standards and food safety regulations. It was also found that farmers, traders and processors practised milking hygiene and handling measures like hand washing, udder and utensils cleaning milking boiling and packaging. However, key un-hygiene practices include the use of plastic containers, untreated water, and lack of teat dipping. It is recommended that, for safe and quality milk availability, farmers must be equipped with knowledge and skills on good milking hygiene and handling practices. There is a need to improve farmers’ knowledge and implement hygienic milking practices in the milk production process to meet required milk quality and food safety standards. In addition, awareness creation on the importance of good milking and handling practices will create behavioural change and lead to an improvement in milk quality in Zanzibar.

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Section: A Milking Hygiene Milk Storage and Milk Safetysupporting

confidence: 91%

Milking Hygiene and Handling Practices among Smallholder Dairy Farmers in Zanzibar

Andrew

Chusi

Mwembezi

2021

EJFOOD

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“…The discussion is good but needs some critical changes in some confusing sentences which I have suggested below: Sentence: ..contamination; this percentage is higher than the research conducted by Wang et al 27 which isolated 195 milk samples, of which 90 samples (46.15%) were contaminated with S. aureus, and from another study conducted by Jahan et al 28 who isolated 47 milk samples, of which 12 (25.53%) were contaminated with S. aureus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…27 Unhygienic farmer hands when milking can also potentially transmit pathogenic bacteria in milk, including S. aureus. 28 S. aureus is a pathogenic bacterium that can cause various infectious diseases ranging from skin infections to systemic infections that can lead to death. 29 In this study, of 150 milk samples, 80 samples (53.33%) were found to have S. aureus contamination; this percentage is higher than the research conducted by Wang et al 30 who isolated 90 (46.15 %) S. aureus from 195 milk samples, and from another study conducted by Jahan et al 31 who isolated 12 (25.53%) S. aureus from 47 milk samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of mecA gene and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from milk and risk factors from farms in Probolinggo, Indonesia

Khairullah

Rehman²,

Sudjarwo³

et al. 2022

F1000Res

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Background: Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found in dairy cows and is a source of contamination in milk. S. aureus that are resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics (especially cefoxitin) are referred to as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The spread of MRSA cannot be separated from sanitation management during milking; it can originate from milk collected from the udder or from the hands of farmers during the milking process. The purpose of this study was to examine the level of MRSA contamination in dairy cow's milk and farmer's hand. Methods: A total of 109 samples of dairy cow’s milk and 41 samples of farmer’s hand swabs were collected at a dairy farm in Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia. Samples were cultured and purified using mannitol salt agar (MSA). The profile of S. aureus resistance was established by disk diffusion test using a disk of beta-lactam antibiotics, namely oxacillin and cefoxitin. Results: The S. aureus isolates that were resistant to oxacillin and cefoxitin antibiotics were then tested for oxacillin resistance screening agar base (ORSAB) as a confirmation test for MRSA identity. S. aureus isolates suspected to be MRSA were then tested genotypically by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to detect the presence of the mecA gene. The results of the isolation and identification found 80 isolates (53.33%) of S. aureus. The results of the resistance test found that 42 isolates (15%) of S. aureus were resistant to oxacillin and 10 isolates (12.5%) were resistant to cefoxitin. The ORSAB test found as many as 20 isolates (47.62%) were positive for MRSA. In PCR testing to detect the presence of the mecA gene, three isolates (30%) were positive for the mecA gene. Conclusions: This study shows that several S. aureus isolates were MRSA and had the gene encoding mecA in dairy farms.

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“…24 Unhygienic farmer hands when milking can also potentially transmit pathogenic bacteria in milk, including S. aureus. 25 S. aureus is a pathogenic bacterium that can cause various infectious diseases ranging from skin infections to systemic infections that can lead to death. 26 In this study, of 150 milk samples, 80 samples (53.33%) were found to have S. aureus contamination; this percentage is higher than the research conducted by Wang et al 27 which isolated 195 milk samples, of which 90 samples (46.15%) were contaminated with S. aureus, and from another study conducted by Jahan et al 28 who isolated 47 milk samples, of which 12 (25.53%) were contaminated with S. aureus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of mecA gene and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from milk and risk factors from farms in Probolinggo, Indonesia

et al. 2022

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Background: Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found in dairy cows and is a source of contamination in milk. S. aureus that are resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics are referred to as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The spread of MRSA cannot be separated from sanitation management during milking; it can originate from milk collected from the udder or from the hands of farmers during the milking process. The purpose of this study was to examine the level of MRSA contamination in dairy cow's milk and farmer's hand swabs. Methods: A total of 109 samples of dairy cow’s milk and 41 samples of farmers’ hand swabs were collected at a dairy farm in Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia. Samples were cultured and purified using mannitol salt agar (MSA). The profile of S. aureus resistance was established by disk diffusion test using a disk of beta-lactam antibiotics, namely oxacillin and cefoxitin. Results: The S. aureus isolates that were resistant to oxacillin and cefoxitin antibiotics were then tested for oxacillin resistance screening agar base (ORSAB) as a confirmation test for MRSA identity. S. aureus isolates suspected to be MRSA were then tested genotypically by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to detect the presence of the mecA gene. The results of the isolation and identification found 80 isolates (53.33%) of S. aureus. The results of the resistance test found that 42 isolates (15%) of S. aureus were resistant to oxacillin and 10 isolates (12.5%) were resistant to cefoxitin. The ORSAB test found as many as 20 isolates (47.62%) were positive for MRSA. In PCR testing to detect the presence of the mecA gene, three isolates (30%) were positive for the mecA gene. Conclusions: This study shows that several S. aureus isolates were MRSA and had the gene encoding mecA in dairy farms.

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Milk quality and hygiene: Knowledge, attitudes and practices of smallholder dairy farmers in central Kenya

Cited by 44 publications

References 35 publications

Milking Hygiene and Handling Practices among Smallholder Dairy Farmers in Zanzibar

Milking Hygiene and Handling Practices among Smallholder Dairy Farmers in Zanzibar

Detection of mecA gene and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from milk and risk factors from farms in Probolinggo, Indonesia

Detection of mecA gene and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from milk and risk factors from farms in Probolinggo, Indonesia

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