Milk polar lipids composition and functionality: a systematic review

Venkat, Meyya; Chia, Loo Wee; Lambers, Tim T.

doi:10.1080/10408398.2022.2104211

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 374 publications

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“…Post-prandial concentrations of phospholipid and cholesterol related metabolites were higher for the EF. Most likely, this can be explained by the addition of MFGM-enriched whey to this formula, which, as compared to normal whey, is enriched with phospholipids and cholesterol (Venkat et al, 2022). No treatment differences were found in post-prandial plasma FFA and glucose concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intragastric behavior of an experimental infant formula may better mimic intragastric behavior of human milk as compared to a control formula

Roelofs,

Tjoelker,

Lambers

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: During breastfeeding the macronutrient composition of breastmilk changes gradually from relatively low-fat (foremilk) to relatively high-fat (hindmilk), initially exposing the gastrointestinal tract to a relatively low fat concentration. In contrast, infant formulae (IF) are homogenous. Mild processing and addition of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) may impact gastric emulsion instability, potentially impacting the phased release of nutrients as observed during breastfeeding. Objective: To assess gastric emulsion stability, gastric emptying, and the postprandial plasma metabolome of an experimental minimally processed IF (EF) with an altered fat-globule interface and a control IF (CF). Methods: Twenty healthy males participated in this double-blind randomized crossover trial. Gastric MRI scans and blood samples were obtained before and after consumption of 600 ml CF or EF over a 2-h period. Outcomes included gastric top layer formation, total gastric volume, and blood parameters (FFA, insulin, glucose, and NMR-metabolomics). Results: EF showed an earlier onset (13.4 min, p=0.017), smaller maximum volume (49.0 ml, p= 0.033), and a shorter time to maximum top layer volume (13.9 min, p=0.022), but similar AUC (p=0.915) compared to CF. Total gastric volume did not show a treatment*time effect. Insulin concentrations were lower for EF. FFA and glucose did not differ. EF yielded higher serum concentrations of phospholipid- and cholesterol-related metabolites. Conclusion: An EF displayed faster gastric creaming than a CF, thereby potentially better mimicking the behavior of breastmilk which leads to phased release of nutrients into the intestine. Overall physiological benefits of this difference in gastric behavior remain to be studied further in infants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intragastric behavior of an experimental infant formula may better mimic intragastric behavior of human milk as compared to a control formula

Roelofs,

Tjoelker,

Lambers

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…In this study, lactation stage had a clear impact on specific lipid classes, such as phospholipids and triglycerides. Bovine milk is an important source of polar lipids for the human population, with phospholipids accounting for 0.5–1% of milk lipids [ 26 ]. Phosphatidylcholines are the most abundant phospholipid class within bovine milk, playing a pivotal structural role in milk fat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Lactation Stage on the Metabolite Composition of Bovine Milk

Connolly,

Yin,

Brennan

2023

Molecules

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Bovine milk is a nutrient-dense food and a major component of the human diet. Therefore, understanding the factors that impact its composition is of great importance. Applications of metabolomics provide in-depth analysis of the metabolite composition of milk. The objective of this research was to examine the impact of lactation stage on bovine milk metabolite levels. Metabolomic analysis of bovine milk powder samples across lactation (N = 18) was performed using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Forty-one metabolites were identified and quantified in the 1H-NMR spectra. Statistical analysis revealed that 17 metabolites were significantly different across lactation stages (FDR < 0.05), of which the majority had higher levels in early lactation. In total, 491 metabolites were measured using LC-MS/MS, of which 269 had significantly different levels across lactation (FDR < 0.05). Compound classes significantly affected by lactation stage included phosphatidylcholines (59%) and triglycerides (64%), of which 100% of phosphatidylcholines and 61% of triglycerides increased from early lactation onwards. Our study demonstrates significant differences in metabolites across the stages of lactation, with early-lactation milk having a distinct metabolomic profile. More research is warranted to further explore these compositional differences to inform animal feeding practice.

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“…45,127 The MFG membrane is an exclusive carrier of gangliosides, particularly GD3 to the neonatal gut. 128 Gangliosides get incorporated into the intestinal mucosa and alter membrane fluidity and enterocyte function. 129 These are integral components in cell membranes, and the oligosaccharide residues that extend from the cell surface promote cell-cell communication.…”

Section: Structural Characteristics Of the Mfg Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Fat Globules: 2024 Updates

Bagga,

Mantry,

Maheshwari

et al. 2024

Newborn

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Milk fat globules (MFGs) are a remarkable example of nature's ingenuity. Human milk (HM) carries contains 3-5% fat, 0.8-0.9% protein, 6.9-7.2% carbohydrate calculated as lactose, and 0.2% mineral constituents. Most of these nutrients are carried in these MFGs, which are composed of an energy-rich triacylglycerol (TAG) core surrounded by a triple membrane structure. The membrane contains polar lipids, specialized proteins, glycoproteins, and cholesterol. Each of these bioactive components serves important nutritional, immunological, neurological, and digestive functions. These MFGs are designed to release energy rapidly in the upper gastrointestinal tract and then persist for some time in the gut lumen so that the protective bioactive molecules are conveyed to the colon. These properties may shape the microbial colonization and innate immune properties of the developing gastrointestinal tract. Milk fat globules in milk from humans and ruminants may resemble in structure but there are considerable differences in size, profile, composition, and specific constituents. There are possibilities to not only enhance the nutritional composition in a goal-oriented fashion to correct specific deficiencies in the infant but also to use these fat globules as a nutraceutical in infants who require specific treatments. To mention a few, there might be possibilities in enhancing neurodevelopment, in defense against gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections, improving insulin sensitivity, treating chronic inflammation, and altering plasma lipids. This review provides an overview of the composition, structure, and biological activities of the various components of the MFGs. We have assimilated research findings from our own laboratory with an extensive review of the literature utilizing key terms in multiple databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Science Direct. To avoid bias in the identification of studies, keywords were short-listed a priori from anecdotal experience and PubMed's Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) thesaurus.

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Milk polar lipids composition and functionality: a systematic review

Cited by 21 publications

References 374 publications

Intragastric behavior of an experimental infant formula may better mimic intragastric behavior of human milk as compared to a control formula

Intragastric behavior of an experimental infant formula may better mimic intragastric behavior of human milk as compared to a control formula

Impact of Lactation Stage on the Metabolite Composition of Bovine Milk

Milk Fat Globules: 2024 Updates

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