2015
DOI: 10.1007/s00240-015-0767-3
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Milk of calcium stones: radiological signs and management outcome

Abstract: Milk of calcium (MOC) is a rare type of stone that was first described in 1940 by Ludin and Howald who reported MOC in renal cysts. Milk of calcium is a viscous colloidal suspension of calcium salts. Stasis, obstruction and infection are important predisposing factors. Due to a layering effect, characteristic radiological signs especially in CT can help in diagnosis to avoid unsuccessful shock wave lithotripsy. This is the largest reported case series, in which radiological signs by CT scan to predict renal MO… Show more

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Cited by 5 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…However, in the available reports in which the expelled material was biochemically analyzed, authors described the presence of calcium carbonate in fine colloidal suspension, calcium phosphate, mixed carbonate and oxalate of calcium, carbonate and triple phosphate, calcium monohydrated with uric acid, and triple phosphate. 2,3,5,6 On the basis of our findings (Fig 5), we could hypothesize that a calculogenic matrix composed of urine mucoproteins, urinary solutes, and other secretions could promote precipitation of calcium, carbonate, phosphate (hydroxylapatite), oxalate, etc, determining the formation of milk of calcium.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 71%
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“…However, in the available reports in which the expelled material was biochemically analyzed, authors described the presence of calcium carbonate in fine colloidal suspension, calcium phosphate, mixed carbonate and oxalate of calcium, carbonate and triple phosphate, calcium monohydrated with uric acid, and triple phosphate. 2,3,5,6 On the basis of our findings (Fig 5), we could hypothesize that a calculogenic matrix composed of urine mucoproteins, urinary solutes, and other secretions could promote precipitation of calcium, carbonate, phosphate (hydroxylapatite), oxalate, etc, determining the formation of milk of calcium.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 71%
“…To our knowledge (after we conducted research on Medline, PubMed, and relevant specialty journals [all from 1980 to September 2019] and used "milk of calcium," "soft calculi," "children," "urolithiasis," and "nephrolithiasis" as key words), our patient is the first toddler with isolated milk of calcium. The milk of calcium occurrence in calyceal diverticula and renal cysts has been well described, 2 whereas there are few reports associated with hydronephrosis. [3][4][5] Most of the cases reported in literature are unilateral, although rare bilateral cases are described.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…On the other hand, other diseases do not involve direct communication with the collecting system [3]. The ultrasonographic findings only raise the suspicion of a lesion being a calyceal diverticulum if a diverticulum neck is found, if the cyst contains calculi or milk calcium-liquid, or semisolid calcified materials of the calyceal diverticulum in human medical terms [1][2][3]5,6,8,9]. A confirmed diagnosis of calyceal diver- The pre-contrast image (A) showed hyperattenuated pelvic calculi and calcified materials (arrow) at the ventral part of the right renal cortex.…”
Section: A B C Dmentioning
confidence: 99%