Milk Intake in Early Life and Later Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis

Gil, Hyeonmin; Chen, Qiao-Yi; Khil, Jaewon; Park, Jihyun; Na, Gyumi; Lee, Dong‐Hoon; Keum, NaNa

doi:10.3390/nu14061233

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…As for dairy, there are many types. Certain types, such as cheese and low-fat dairy, contribute to the prevention of CRC, while whole-fat dairy, which is the component we used to construct the ELD score, may increase the risk of CRC ( 44 ). The impact of an individual diet on disease is limited, but the synergies and interactions between multiple diets, combined with long-term accumulation, may eventually contribute to the onset, delay, or prevention of NCDs ( 45 – 47 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compliance with the EAT-Lancet diet and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study in 98,415 American adults

Ren,

Yu,

Peng

et al. 2023

Front. Nutr.

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BackgroundThe EAT-Lancet diet (ELD) is a recommended dietary pattern for achieving simultaneous improvements in both individual health and environmental sustainability. While research on the association between ELD and colorectal cancer (CRC) remains scarce, the potential impact of nutrition on CRC prevention and progression is a topic of growing interest. This study aims to investigate the relationship between adherence to the ELD and the risk of CRC, shedding light on the role of nutrition in CRC prevention.MethodsA total of 98,415 participants were included. A Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) was used to collect dietary information, and an ELD score was used to assess adherence to ELD. Higher scores indicated greater adherence. Cox hazard regression analyses were conducted to examine whether there were associations between the ELD score and CRC risk. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) model was used to further explore the dose-response association between the ELD score and CRC incidence. Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify potential modifiers that interacted with ELD on CRC incidence, and sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the established association.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 8.82 years, a total of 1,054 CRC cases were documented. We found a statistically significant correlation between the ELD score and CRC risk (Q4 vs. Q1: HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67–0.98; P for trend = 0.034) after adjusting for potential confounders. No statistically significant associations were discovered between ELD adherence and CRC by anatomical site. Subgroup analyses found no interactional factor, sensitivity analyses, and the RCS model showed a robustness and linearity association (P-linearity >0.05).ConclusionWe concluded that adherence to ELD contributes to the prevention of CRC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compliance with the EAT-Lancet diet and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study in 98,415 American adults

Ren,

Yu,

Peng

et al. 2023

Front. Nutr.

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“…Furthermore, some studies reported that milk consumption could increase the risk of several Western diseases, including metabolic diseases such as diabetes [ 29 , 30 ], while other studies show that dairy consumption was inversely associated with the risk of developing cancer, including breast and colorectal cancer [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Cow’s Milk Fats and Micronutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cow’s Milk: A Benefit for Human Health? Omics Tools and Precision Nutrition for Lactose Intolerance Management

Pratelli,

Tamburini,

Badami

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Cow’s milk (CM) is a healthy food consumed worldwide by individuals of all ages. Unfortunately, “lactase-deficient” individuals cannot digest milk’s main carbohydrate, lactose, depriving themselves of highly beneficial milk proteins like casein, lactoalbumin, and lactoglobulin due to lactose intolerance (LI), while other individuals develop allergies specifically against these proteins (CMPA). The management of these conditions differs, and an inappropriate diagnosis or treatment may have significant implications for the patients, especially if they are infants or very young children, resulting in unnecessary dietary restrictions or avoidable adverse reactions. Omics technologies play a pivotal role in elucidating the intricate interactions between nutrients and the human body, spanning from genetic factors to the microbiota profile and metabolites. This comprehensive approach enables the precise delineation and identification of distinct cohorts of individuals with specific dietary requirements, so that tailored nutrition strategies can be developed. This is what is called personalized nutrition or precision nutrition (PN), the area of nutrition that focuses on the effects of nutrients on the genome, proteome, and metabolome, promoting well-being and health, preventing diseases, reducing chronic disease incidence, and increasing life expectancy. Here, we report the opinion of the scientific community proposing to replace the “one size fits all” approach with tailor-made nutrition programs, designed by integrating nutrigenomic data together with clinical parameters and microbiota profiles, taking into account the individual lactose tolerance threshold and needs in terms of specific nutrients intake. This customized approach could help LI patients to improve their quality of life, overcoming depression or anxiety often resulting from the individual perception of this condition as different from a normal state.

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“…To evaluate the BCa risk of milk consumption during childhood and adolescence, Gil et al [ 93 ] in 2022 provided summary RRs for the highest vs. lowest milk intake of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.69–1.00; p = 0.05; I2 = 60%) involving 6 studies published between 2001 and 2010, which relied on differing retrospective food questionnaires reporting milk consumption during childhood and adolescence and their potential risk association with BCa in adult life. One study reported on dietary habits in adolescence and midlife and the risk of BCa in postmenopausal women with a mean age of 77 years.…”

Section: Epidemiological Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study reported on dietary habits in adolescence and midlife and the risk of BCa in postmenopausal women with a mean age of 77 years. Remarkably, milk intake during childhood and adolescence was evaluated retrospectively in these studies with nonuniform food questionaires which occurred in the 1950s, and thus recall of dietary behavior dated back for several decades pointing to serious limitations of this recently presented meta-analysis [ 93 ].…”

Section: Epidemiological Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Cow’s Milk Consumption in Breast Cancer Initiation and Progression

et al. 2023

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Purpose of Review This review evaluates cow milk’s impact on breast carcinogenesis by linking recent epidemiological evidence and new insights into the molecular signaling of milk and its constituents in breast cancer (BCa) pathogenesis. Recent Findings Recent prospective cohort studies support the association between cow’s milk consumption and the risk of estrogen receptor-α-positive (ER+) BCa. Milk is a complex biological fluid that increases systemic insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin and estrogen signaling, and interacting hormonal promoters of BCa. Further potential oncogenic components of commercial milk include exosomal microRNAs (miR-148a-3p, miR-21-5p), bovine meat and milk factors, aflatoxin M1, bisphenol A, pesticides, and micro- and nanoplastics. Individuals with BRCA1 loss-of-function mutations and FTO and IGF1 gain-of-function polymorphisms enhancing IGF-1/mTORC1 signaling may be at increased risk for milk-induced ER+ BCa. Summary Recent prospective epidemiological and pathobiochemical studies identify commercial milk consumption as a critical risk factor of ER+ BCa. Large meta-analyses gathering individuals of different ethnic origins with milk derived from dairy cows of varying genetic backgrounds and diverse feeding procedures as well as missing data on thermal processing of milk (pasteurization versus ultra-heat treatment) make multi-national meta-analyses unsuitable for BCa risk estimations in susceptible populations. Future studies are required that consider all vulnerable periods of breast carcinogenesis to cow’s milk exposure, beginning during the perinatal period and puberty, since these are the most critical periods of mammary gland morphogenesis. Notwithstanding the need for better studies including detailed information on milk processing and vulnerable periods of human breast carcinogenesis, the available evidence suggests that dietary guidelines on milk consumption may have to be reconsidered.

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Milk Intake in Early Life and Later Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis

Cited by 5 publications

References 52 publications

Compliance with the EAT-Lancet diet and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study in 98,415 American adults

Compliance with the EAT-Lancet diet and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study in 98,415 American adults

Cow’s Milk: A Benefit for Human Health? Omics Tools and Precision Nutrition for Lactose Intolerance Management

The Role of Cow’s Milk Consumption in Breast Cancer Initiation and Progression

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