Milk feeding quantity and feeding frequency: effects on growth performance, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of Holstein dairy calves

Jafari, A.; Azarfar, Arash; Alugongo, Gibson Maswayi; Ghorbani, G.R.; Mirzaei, Mehdi; Fadayifar, Amir; Omidi-Mirzaei, H.; Cao, Zhijun; Drackley, J.K.; Ghaffari, Mohtasham

doi:10.1080/1828051x.2021.1884504

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Studies that have examined the effects of FF with varying amounts of milk or MR are limited. For example, Jafari et al 22 examined the effects of FF in calves fed low and high volumes of milk (4 vs 10 l/d) and found that regardless of milk volume, feeding 2 meals/d instead of 3 meals/d resulted in increased intake of starters and increased total intake DM during the preweaning and postweaning periods and increased ADG during the preweaning period. Recently, another study by Orellana Rivas et al 19 , examined two amounts MR [0.65 (low) or 0.76 (high) kg DM per day of 26% crude protein and 17% fat MR] and two FF (2 × or 3 ×).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results showed that increasing MR improved growth in both summer and winter, while increasing FF improved growth only in winter. According to Jafari et al 22 , increasing milk feeding frequency from 2 to 3 times per day was not beneficial for calves fed low (4 L/d; total milk intake 210 L) or high (up to 10 L/d; total milk intake 371 L) amounts of milk, and calves fed low milk performed poorly because of low nutrient intake. In addition, feeding 3 meals per day reduced total DM and starter intake without affecting average daily gain, regardless of milk feeding levels 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Jafari et al 22 , increasing milk feeding frequency from 2 to 3 times per day was not beneficial for calves fed low (4 L/d; total milk intake 210 L) or high (up to 10 L/d; total milk intake 371 L) amounts of milk, and calves fed low milk performed poorly because of low nutrient intake. In addition, feeding 3 meals per day reduced total DM and starter intake without affecting average daily gain, regardless of milk feeding levels 22 . Therefore, the present study examined medium and high milk volumes with different frequencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of different milk feeding levels and frequencies on performance of Holstein heifers during weaning and first lactation

Ahmadi

Akbarian-Tefaghi

Jafari

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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In the present study, the effects of milk feeding amount and feeding frequency (FF) on performance, blood metabolites, rumen fermentation, and performance of dairy heifers during the first artificial insemination (AI) and first lactation were investigated. The treatment group consisted of 48 female Holstein heifer calves (12/treatment) distributed in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with milk feeding [high = 8 L/d, HL or medium = 6 L/d, ML] and feeding frequency [2 × or 3 ×]. All calves were fed on a step-up/step-down method, weaned from milk at 56 d of age, and observed until 70 d of age. Heifer calves were kept uniform from 70 d of age until the first lactation to evaluate the long-term effects of the treatments. We observed no FF effect and no interaction between the level and FF on feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (FE), body weight (BW), structural growth, blood metabolites, and rumen fermentation parameters. Calves fed HL milk had higher total dry matter intake (DMI), BW, and ADG during the pre- and post-weaning periods. During the preweaning period, HL-fed calves had higher serum insulin (trend) and glucose concentrations compared to ML-fed calves. Lower age at first AI was observed in calves fed HL rather than ML regardless of FF. Weight at first AI, milk yield (305 d), and energy-corrected milk (ECM-305 d) in the first lactation showed a trend toward higher values in HL-fed calves compared to ML-fed calves. Preweaning performance and calf maturity can be positively affected by feeding high amounts of milk at both FF.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of different milk feeding levels and frequencies on performance of Holstein heifers during weaning and first lactation

Ahmadi

Akbarian-Tefaghi

Jafari

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Early weaning schemes should not, however, entail severe decreases in nutrient intake as this could exacerbate weaning stresses [ 5 , 6 ]. Weaning from a high milk volume (>8.0 kg/d) is particularly challenging as calves experience a prolonged lag in achieving the desired SFI post-weaning [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Hence, stepdown weaning schemes are proposed to encourage satisfactory SFI at weaning (0.9 to 1.4 kg/d) [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Stepdown Weaning of Dairy Calves with Glutamine and Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementations

Wickramasinghe

Kaya

Beitz

et al. 2022

Animals

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The study objective was to examine the effects of supplementing Gln and BCAA on the SFI and ADG of weaning dairy calves. Holstein heifer calves (11 calves /treatment) at 35 d of age were assigned to: (1) no amino acids (CTL), (2) Gln (8.0 g/d) alone (GLN), or (3) Gln (8.0 g/d) and BCAA (GLNB; 17.0, 10.0, and 11.0 g/d leucine, isoleucine, and valine, respectively) supplementations in whole milk during a stepdown weaning scheme. Calves were weaned completely once they achieved ≥1.0 kg/d SFI. Neither GLN nor GLNB affected SFI or ADG in the first week during weaning. The GLNB decreased SFI compared to CTL, but the SFI was similar between CTL and GLN in the remainder of the weaning scheme. All calves were weaned at 50 d of age. The SFI of GLNB was lower than that of GLN, and the SFI of both GLN and GLNB were lower than CTL post-weaning. The decreased SFI did not alter ADG during weaning or post-weaning. The GLNB tended to have higher plasma leptin and lower plasma serotonin concentrations compared to CTL. Glutamine and BCAA seem to affect the SFI of calves by modulating the secretions of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract.

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“…The improvement of meat production and its quality is an incredibly pressing problem for modern cattle breeding. The growth of the number of specialized meat breeds, the correct arrangement of growing and feeding young animals, as well as the use of resourcesaving elements to decrease the cost of a unit of manufacture should contribute to their solution [1,4,11,13,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of different suckling feeding modes on the growth and development of calves in postnatal ontogenesis

et al. 2021

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One of the key areas of development of the cattle breeding industry in Russia is the creation of effective technological methods. They allow to carry out the improvement and establishment of new resource-saving systems for breeding young animals at an accelerated pace. It is essential to meet the modern requirements of meat production as an ecologically safe product. The aim of the research was to enhance the fattening qualities of Hereford bull calves while using mode-setting suckling of various ratios as an element of resource saving. The study was performed on "SAVA-Agro-Yapryk" OOO of the Tuymazinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The determination of the efficiency of the use of free and mode-setting suckling of various ratios made it possible to identify an effective method of raising young meat cattle. A three-fold mode suckling is used with separate keeping of young animals and mother cows. This makes it possible to keep the optimal microclimate parameters in the calf house, contributes to the rapid early adaptation of calves to the consumption of coarse feed and concentrates. It has a positive effect on the growth and development of calves and their meat productivity at the age of 18 months according to the parameters of removable fat mass, carcass mass and interior fat mass. All this promotes an increase in the sale of beef and an improvement in the level of production profitability to 13.93%.

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Milk feeding quantity and feeding frequency: effects on growth performance, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of Holstein dairy calves

Cited by 7 publications

References 61 publications

Effects of different milk feeding levels and frequencies on performance of Holstein heifers during weaning and first lactation

Effects of different milk feeding levels and frequencies on performance of Holstein heifers during weaning and first lactation

Early Stepdown Weaning of Dairy Calves with Glutamine and Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementations

The effect of different suckling feeding modes on the growth and development of calves in postnatal ontogenesis

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