Milk consumption and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in humans

Abstract

In order to recapitulate the best available evidence of milk consumption and multiple health-related outcomes, we performed an umbrella review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews in humans. Totally, 41 meta-analyses with 45 unique health outcomes were included. Milk consumption was more often related to benefits than harm to a sequence of health-related outcomes. Dose–response analyses indicated that an increment of 200 ml (approximately 1 cup) milk intake per day was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, colorectal cancer, metabolic syndrome, obesity and osteoporosis. Beneficial associations were also found for type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Conversely, milk intake might be associated with higher risk of prostate cancer, Parkinson’s disease, acne and Fe-deficiency anaemia in infancy. Potential allergy or lactose intolerance need for caution. Milk consumption does more good than harm for human health in this umbrella review. Our results support milk consumption as part of a healthy diet. More well-designed randomized controlled trials are warranted.

Milk Fatty Acid Profiles in Different Animal Species: Focus on the Potential Effect of Selected PUFAs on Metabolism and Brain Functions

“…Nonetheless, recent studies have shown that milk and dairy, regardless of their fat content, may have a beneficial effect on metabolic and cardiometabolic health [9,10]. With regard to the effects of milk on brain health, although some studies indicated a positive impact of dairy consumption on cognitive performance and in reducing the risk of dementia [11,12], most of the results are still controversial [13][14][15]. In particular, little is known about the mechanisms linking milk/dairy intake and cognitive performance, and, in general, there is a lack of knowledge of the efficacy of individual milk nutrients on the central nervous system (CNS).…”

Genetically Predicted Milk Intake and Risk of Neurodegenerative Diseases

“…The effects of milk intake on the risk of neurodegenerative diseases have been widely investigated. Observational studies have shown that milk intake is associated with a reduced risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) [ 3 , 4 ] and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [ 5 , 6 ], but with an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD) [ 5 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The association between milk intake and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is largely unknown.…”

Associations of dietary patterns and abdominal obesity in the adult population. Results of the Russian epidemiological ESSE-RF study

“…Выполняемый анализ ассоциаций проводится как c моделями питания [3,4], характеристиками энергетического и нутриентного статуса [5][6][7][8], так и с отдельными группами пищевых продуктов, охватывая как продукты ежедневно формирующие рацион (молочные изделия, фрукты и овощи, мясо и др.) [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], так и продукты "праздничного стола" (кондитерские изделия, сахарсодержащие напитки, переработанная продукция) [19]. Интерес исследователей привлекает вклад в формирование ожирения как сырьевых продуктов [9,14,20], так и продуктов разной степени переработки [6, 10-12, 19, 21], а при анализе молочной продукции -еще и процентное содержание молочного жира [13].…”

“…Поэтому анализ уровня потребления продуктов молочной группы и наличия ожирения вызывает интерес во многих исследованиях [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Однако результаты анализов очень разнятся: от снижения риска АО [10,12,[14][15][16] и отсутствия различий [9,10] -до положительных ассоциаций с отдельными видами молочной продукции [17]. Аналогичные полученным в настоящем исследовании результаты в отношении более высокого потребления молока, кефира и йогурта женщинами с АО были отмечены и в другом российском исследовании [11], выполненном на результатах "Выборочного наблюдения рациона питания россиян", проведенного в 2013г [27].…”