Milk composition of Pakistani camel (Camelus dromedaries) kept under station/farmers conditions

Iqbal, Arshad; Gill, R.; Younas, Muhammad

doi:10.9755/ejfa.v12i1.5197

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The variation in mineral reflects many genetic and environmental factors such as the system of feeding and browsing of different plants. The mean content of fat and protein in our study shows a lower results compared to those reported by Konuspayeva et al (2009b), Igbal et al (2001) and Zeleke (2007), but otherwise close to results reported by Farah and Fisher (2004). This wide variation in the milk constituents is generally attributed to some factors such as breed, herd management, sampling technique used and feed quality (Al-Shaikh and Salah, 1994).…”

Section: Milk Compositioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

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Seasonal and physiological variation of gross composition of camel milk in<br>Saudi Arabia

Musaad

Faye

Al-Mutairi

2013

Emir. J. Food Agric

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Weekly milk samples from ten lactating she camels (Camelus dromedarius) were analyzed regularly for 11 months after parturition. The main values for all samples were 2.54 ± 0.72g/100g fat matter, 3.07 ± 0.30g/100g protein, 4.21 ± 0.37g/100g lactose and 0.76 ± 0.10g/100g ash. Fat content decreased from 3.41% at the first week to 2.29% at 36th week post-partum with rising at the end to 2.95% while protein decreased from 3.44% at week 1 to 2.79% at the end of lactation, and lactose from 4.48% to 3.90%. Ash increased from 0.72% to 0.82% then decreased down to 0.71%. Regarding seasonal variation, maximum level of fat was observed in January (3.46%) and minimum at summer time (2.29% in July). Protein content was maximum in February (3.32%) and minimum in October (2.76%). For lactose, the maximum mean value was 4.38% in February and the minimum in September (3.83%). The ash content was quite variable in January then stable all over the year. All components were highly positively correlated, except between fat and ash content which was not significant. No significant effect of parity, gestation length, calf body weight at birth or adult weight on all milk content. The average total milk production was 1207 L for 11 months range between 875 and 1616 L. The correlation between milk production and milk components are significantly negative.

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Section: Milk Compositioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…A lot of information is still to be generated about camel milk as a source of food (Igbal and Younas, 2001). Camel milk is a complex mixture of fat, protein, lactose, minerals, and vitamins and miscellaneous constituents dispersed in water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and physiological variation of gross composition of camel milk in<br>Saudi Arabia

Musaad

Faye

Al-Mutairi

2013

Emir. J. Food Agric

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“…was 7.9±0.2% and ranged from 7.1±0.6 and 9.5±0.8%. This result was similar to those recorded by Guliye et al (2000) and Mal et al (2006Mal et al ( , 2007 and lower than those recorded by Iqbal et al (2001) and El Zubeir and Ibrahium (2009). Camel's milk is considered to be abundant source of protein for people living in arid lands of the world.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Chemical Analysis Of Camel's Milksupporting

confidence: 91%

Nutritional value and sanitary evaluation of raw Camels milk

Ahmed

Sayed

2014

Emir. J. Food Agric

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The present study was carried out to investigate the nutritional value and hygienic status of fresh camel's milk collected for a period of 12 weeks (on weekly basis). The milk samples were divided into two portions under sterile conditions. The 1 st portion was examined for the gross composition (total solids, solids non fat, moisture, fat, protein, lactose and chloride). The 2 nd portion was examined for the sanitary condition through monitoring sensory evaluation, acid value and determination of fecal contamination. Wide variation was observed in the chemical analysis of the different milk constituent. The global mean values of total solids, solids non fat, fat, protein, lactose, chloride, and moisture were 10.8 ± 0.3, 7.9 ± 0.2, 2.84 ± 0.2, 4.02 ± 0.1, 3.8 ± 0.1, 0.15 ± 0.003, and 89.5 ± 0.4% respectively. The results of sensory evaluation indicated that the color was the most accepted attribute has the best score 7.9 and graded very good, then odor scored 6.8 and graded as slight good. The taste, over all acceptability (OAA) and flavor had fair grades and scored 5.4, 5.4 and 5.3 respectively. The average content of titratable acidity was 0.21 ± 0.01%. The bacteriological analysis revealed that coliforms, fecal coliforms and E. coli were detected among the study period with incidence varied from 28.6 to 100% for coliforms and 28.6 to71.4% for both fecal coliform and E. coli. Also, this study revealed presence of a relation between frequency distribution of coliforms and sensory scores.

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“…Mostly, the research on productive and reproductive potential of she-camels has been conducted under farm conditions/research centers without considering production systems (Iqbal et al 2001;Musa et al 2006). Therefore, the present study has been designed (1) to study the variations in the reproductive parameters of camel population kept under pastoral management (Thal area), (2) to determine the effect of different factors including season, parity, and stage of lactation on daily milk yield, and (3) nutritional quality of indigenous camel milk in terms of fat, protein, lactose, ash, acidity, solids not fat (SNF), total solids, and moisture content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting yield and composition of camel milk kept under desert conditions of central Punjab, Pakistan

Ahmad

Yaqoob

Bilal

et al. 2012

Trop Anim Health Prod

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This study was planned to study the herd composition, farming system, and reproductive traits and to evaluate the effect of season, stage of lactation and parity on milk production, and composition of camels kept under pastoral environment of central Punjab, Pakistan. Based on purposive sampling method, 50 herds belonging to small, medium, and large-sized herds were selected. From these herds, 1,137 she-camels were entered in this study and their composite milk samples were collected and analyzed through standard procedures to determine the milk yield and percentages of milk contents. The results showed that the male camels constituted a lesser percentage (p < 0.05: 43.08; 380/882) in the total herd composition compared to that of she-camels (56.92; 502/882). The mean daily milk yield was 8.17 ± 0.09 L and mean percentage of fat was 3.79 ± 0.13%, protein was 3.66 ± 0.07%, lactose was 5.15 ± 0.09%, ash was 0.81 ± 0.02%, acidity was 0.20 ± 0.01%, solids not fat (SNF) was 9.63 ± 0.15%, total solids was 13.42 ± 0.21, and moisture was 86.58 ± 0.43. Mean daily milk yield was significantly higher (p < 0.01) during rainy season followed by winter season, warm dry summer, and hot summer season. Milk fat and protein contents were the highest in hot dry summer, while lactose contents were higher during rainy season. The stage of lactation and parity confirmed to impinge significantly (p < 0.01) on protein, lactose, and SNF. The present study will be helpful to design measures for the eradication of reproductive constraints and for the improvement of milk yield and composition in order to make camel rearing an economical proposition.

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Milk composition of Pakistani camel (Camelus dromedaries) kept under station/farmers conditions

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Seasonal and physiological variation of gross composition of camel milk in<br>Saudi Arabia

Seasonal and physiological variation of gross composition of camel milk in<br>Saudi Arabia

Nutritional value and sanitary evaluation of raw Camels milk

Factors affecting yield and composition of camel milk kept under desert conditions of central Punjab, Pakistan

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