Military Robotic Combat Casualty Extraction and Care

A review and framework of laser-based collaboration support

“…In medical, manufacturing, exploration, and military tasks that require teleoperation or telerobotic manipulation with a processing tool, the remote control of laser processing tools would typically be relatively more accurate, flexible and safe compared with a mechanical tool. This feature has been realized, for instance, in cases of tissue welding, chemical detection (Yoo et al, 2010) and laser metal welding (Gonzalez-Galvan, Cruz-Ramirez, Seelinger, & Cervantes-Sanchez, 2003;Chuen Leong, Teck Chew, Thi Anh Ngoc, Yang, & Chen, 2010;Li, Gao, & Wu, 2007). In the latest, a new intuitive method for robot tool path teaching in augmented reality (AR) environment was developed and tested for robot laser welding application.…”

“…Their use can also reduce the need for anesthesia, resulting with reduced post-operative pain (Myers & McDaniel, 1991;Wigdor et al, 1995). (4) Lasers can also circumvent the need for suturing (Yoo et al, 2010) which can have additional benefits, e.g., in battlefields, by reducing risk of infection and minimizing the weight of medical supplies. (5) In the medical field and in nanotechnology industries, lasers are often the most suitable technique for micro-and nanofabrication, precision micro cutting, surface micro-texturing and micro deposition (Li, 2010).…”

“…It can do so through its unique ability to accurately and rapidly transfer signals, data, information, and energy with no spatial or temporal residuals. This multiple functionality enables lasers to be used as a tool, information medium, energy source, a marker, and sensor, for instance, in metal welding, tissue joining, chemical detection (e.g., Yoo, Gilbert, & Broderick, 2010), and in certain types of target recognition (Bechar, Meyer, & Edan, 2009). This article includes: (1) Review and analysis of the forms in which laser techniques have been and can be applied for precision interactions and collaboration; (2) evaluation of the performance and limitations, impact, and potential impact of these techniques on the quality and effectiveness of the collaboration activities and their outcomes; and (3) assessment of the effect and the additional value of laser precision in supporting collaboration and interaction processes to achieve superior outcomes.…”

Experimental analysis of denial-of-service attacks on teleoperated robotic systems

“…A few years later, in 2005, the da Vinci system was used to perform the first transcontinental telesurgery, between a surgeon in Sunnyvale, CA and patients in Cincinnati and Denver [49].…”

“…In 1988, the Probot, developed by the Imperial College, was used to perform prostate surgery [21]. The first indirectly-controlled surgical system, where the surgeon controlled a robot using a computer, was developed in the 1990s by the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) [49]. For the next several years, the development of robotic surgery was enabled by the advent of three commercial systems: the Aesop and the Zeus (Computer Motion) and the da Vinci (Intuitive Surgical) [21].…”