Military Occupational Stressors in Garrison, Training and Deployed Environments

Adler, Amy B.; GcGurk, Dennis; Stetz, Melba C.; Bliese, Paul D.

doi:10.1037/e424702005-001

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The PRS at the p-value threshold with largest Nagelkerke's pseudo-R 2 (pT=0.01) was selected for subsequent analyses (26). This PRS was distributed across individuals and divided into three groups of polygenic risk ( Supplementary Table S2B): low (quintile 1), intermediate (quintiles [2][3][4], and high (quintile 5) (27). Second, we used logistic regressions to examine the main effects of polygenic risk on incident MDD, using the low risk group as the reference group.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To further explore the protective effect of unit cohesion, we stratified soldiers by combat stress exposure: low (quintile 1), intermediate (quintiles [2][3][4], and high (quintile 5), which was itself a risk factor for incident MDD (aOR=1.46, 95% CI = 1.31-1.62, p<.00001). Unit cohesion remained protective against incident MDD across all levels of combat stress exposure (low: aOR=0.69, 95% CI = 0.56-0.85, p=.0005; intermediate: aOR=0.72, 95% CI = 0.62-0.84, p=.00002; high: aOR=0.63, 95% CI = 0.53-0.76, p<.00001), even for those who reported high levels of combat stress (Figure 3).…”

Section: Does Unit Cohesion Also Protect Against Mdd After Exposure Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure to stressful experiences is an important risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD) (1)-however, not all individuals exposed to stressful experiences develop MDD. This observation is of high relevance for the US Army, whose soldiers routinely encounter stressful events over the course of combat deployment (2) and show a correspondingly high burden of MDD following deployment (3)(4)(5). Preventing MDD and its associated disability and comorbidities can improve individual/family wellbeing and troop readiness (6), and requires attention to risk and protective factors that influence depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Prospective Study of Polygenic Risk, Protective Factors, and Incident Depression Following Combat Deployment in US Army Soldiers

Choi

Chen

Ursano

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Does Unit Cohesion Also Protect Against Mdd After Exposure Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prospective Study of Polygenic Risk, Protective Factors, and Incident Depression Following Combat Deployment in US Army Soldiers

Choi

Chen

Ursano

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Bartone and his colleagues (Bartone, 2006;Bartone, Adler & Vaitkus, 2008) identified several of these stressors, which include, 1) isolation, 2) role ambiguity, 3) powerlessness, 4) boredomalienation, 5) danger and threatening environments, and 6) workload. Adler, McGurk, Stetz and Bliese (2004) compared stressors that exist in military garrison, field training, and deployed environments and found both significant differences and communalities. For example, they cited role stress, performance concerns, workload, and intragroup conflict as related to individuals' well-being and performance in training contexts such as ROTC.…”

Section: Contextual Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soldier Development Following Negative Cross-Cultural Experiences: An Integrated Review of the Literature

Klafehn¹,

Cai²,

Connelly³

et al. 2014

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One of the military's top priorities is to aid Soldiers in developing skills that will help them understand and more effectively interact with members of other cultures. A key determinant of cross-cultural skill development is the acquisition of hands-on experience within the culture itself. Previous research has focused heavily on the importance of multicultural experiences in cross-cultural skill development, but has largely ignored the effects when such experiences are difficult or challenging. Even fewer studies have examined the role of these experiences within a military context. This report is a preliminary attempt at addressing some of the factors that may contribute to (or hinder) Soldier development and learning following negative or challenging cross-cultural experiences. This report was assembled as part of a multidisciplinary effort wherein subject matter experts were asked to provide their perspectives on a number of topics related to the processing of and development following negative cross-cultural events. These topics included (a) the role of individual difference, group, and contextual factors as determinants of skill development following negative experiences, (b) differences in the types of cognitive processes that occur while a negative event is transpiring, and (c) factors and strategies that aid in recovery following a negative event.

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“…In many ways, these sleep disturbances may closely resemble those seen in shift workers and other operational contexts [5][6][7]. However, industrial operations have greater capacity to control or document work schedules [8], whereas conditions during military operations are unpredictable [9]. Given these differences in sleep patterns, sleep in the military operational context should be quantified differently than how it is in civilians.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practice parameters for the use of actigraphy in the military operational context: the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Operational Research Kit-Actigraphy (WORK-A)

et al. 2020

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Background: The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) Operational Research Kit-Actigraphy (WORK-A) is a set of unique practice parameters and actigraphy-derived measures for the analysis of operational military sleep patterns. The WORK-A draws on best practices from the literature and comprises 15 additional descriptive variables. Here, we demonstrate the WORK-A with a sample of United States Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) cadets (n = 286) during a month-long capstone pre-commissioning training exercise. Methods: The sleep of ROTC cadets (n = 286) was measured by Philips Actiwatch devices during the 31-day training exercise. The preliminary effectiveness of the WORK-A was tested by comparing differences in sleep measures collected by Actiwatches as calculated by Philips Actiware software against WORK-A-determined sleep measures and self-report sleep collected from a subset of ROTC cadets (n = 140). Results: Actiware sleep summary statistics were significantly different from WORK-A measures and self-report sleep (all P ≤ 0.001). Bedtimes and waketimes as determined by WORK-A major sleep intervals showed the best agreement with self-report bedtime (22:21 ± 1:30 vs. 22:13 ± 0:40, P = 0.21) and waketime (04:30 ± 2:17 vs. 04:31 ± 0: 47, P = 0.68). Though still significantly different, the discrepancy was smaller between the WORK-A measure of time in bed (TIB) for major sleep intervals (352 ± 29 min) and self-report nightly sleep duration (337 ± 57 min, P = 0.006) than that between the WORK-A major TIB and Actiware TIB (177 ± 42, P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: Default actigraphy methods are not the most accurate methods for characterizing soldier sleep, but reliable methods for characterizing operational sleep patterns is a necessary first step in developing strategies to improve soldier readiness. The WORK-A addresses this knowledge gap by providing practice parameters and a robust variety of measures with which to profile sleep behavior in service members.

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Military Occupational Stressors in Garrison, Training and Deployed Environments

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Prospective Study of Polygenic Risk, Protective Factors, and Incident Depression Following Combat Deployment in US Army Soldiers

Prospective Study of Polygenic Risk, Protective Factors, and Incident Depression Following Combat Deployment in US Army Soldiers

Soldier Development Following Negative Cross-Cultural Experiences: An Integrated Review of the Literature

Practice parameters for the use of actigraphy in the military operational context: the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Operational Research Kit-Actigraphy (WORK-A)

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