Military Conflict--Essays in the Institutional Analysis of War and Peace

Andreski, Stanislav; Janowitz, Morris

doi:10.2307/589233

Cited by 6 publications

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“…Soldiers were subservient to monarchical authority during colonial rule, which shifted to the president after independence. This resonates with Janowitz's (1975, p. 138) civil‐military relations category of authoritarian‐personal control that are based on personal and traditional power. In effect, it meant that Gayoom as president had personal control of the armed forces as the traditional loyalty of soldiers to the Sultan had moved to the elite ruler, the president.…”

Section: Gayoom's Use Of Political Islammentioning

confidence: 83%

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Religion and authoritarianism in the Maldives: Is another authoritarian reversal in the Maldives imminent?

Bhim

2024

World Affairs

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The Maldives commenced its transition to democracy after its first multiparty elections in 2008. This was challenging due to the Maldives being a Muslim nation, its authoritarian legacy of monarchical rule before independence, and by dictatorship after independence. This article analyzes the postindependence rule periods of Ibrahim Nasir and Maumoom Abdul Gayoom, which were akin to one‐man dictatorships. The third autocratic president postindependence, Abdulla Yameen, was an electoral authoritarian as he implemented authoritarian measures in a multi‐party context. I assess if religion provided political legitimacy to these authoritarian leaders or if religion was exploited by leaders to gain political support and civic spaces. Theories of authoritarianism, religious populism, electoral authoritarianism, as well as concepts of the ulema‐state alliance and the rentier state are utilized. In addition to their authoritarian legacy, democratic presidents like Mohamed Nasheed and Mohamed Solih had grappled with politicians' manipulation of religion through political Islam, Islamic nationalism, and fundamentalism to derail democracy by equating it to Westernization. These events resonate with Samuel Huntington's description of the conflict between the West and Islam as a clash of civilizations. Crimes against liberal thinkers by Islamic extremists are an added challenge. There is a real danger of another authoritarian reversal in the Maldives.

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Section: Gayoom's Use Of Political Islammentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Principled and disloyal soldiers were purged through prosecutions and discharges while loyalists were promoted (Bhim, 2020; Rasheed, 2013). The military, instead of democratizing, reverted to Janowitz's (1975) category of authoritarian‐personal control under Yameen.…”

Section: Yameen's “Islam In Danger” Rhetoricmentioning

confidence: 99%

Religion and authoritarianism in the Maldives: Is another authoritarian reversal in the Maldives imminent?

Bhim

2024

World Affairs

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Mouton

Harris

Peres

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South African Historical Journal

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10 Theses on War and Social Order: Preliminary Arguments on the Constitutive Functions of Armed Conflicts

Kil'dyushov

2015

RSR

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At the beginning of the article, the author explains its idea-to explicate the conceptual approach to war as the most important structural element and mechanism for maintaining social order. The author claims the existence of a stable tradition of theorizing based on the argument about the social functionality of the structural violence, which allows interpreting war as a special type of sociality. The representatives of this conventional line of argumentation mentioned in the article are such key figures in the history of ideas, as Thomas Hobbes, Carl von Clausewitz, Carl Schmitt and Michel Foucault. The author formulates ten theses, which problematize the heuristic aspects of war in relation to the theory of social order and are accompanied by short comments explaining the ambivalent status of war topics in the philosophical tradition and sociological classics, because neither of them developed a complete theory of war relevant from the social theory perspective. The key theses state that war experience is constitutive for human societies, and reconstruct the line of argumentation that emphasizes the constitutive function of war for social institutions and political order and the role of war as a major factor of social transformations in the modernity for this role is often underestimated in sociological theory. In conclusion, the author states the need for analytical explication of the organized violence functionality in relation to the structures of social action typical for the modern era. He also claims that within the proposed social-theoretical perspective the war can become a heuristic key to understanding the nature of the social, because this approach allows not only to consider war as a cultural-universal phenomenon, but to analyze more realistically the structural role of violence in the processes of production, reproduction and transformation of social orders.Keywords: war, social order, modernity, structural violence, Thomas Hobbes, Carl von Clausewitz, Carl Schmitt, Michel Foucault In this paper, I will question the heuristic aspects of war in relation to the theory of social order without focusing on the tradition of a textual analysis of the relevant works. There is a historical argument about the social functionality of structural violence that every war can be interpreted as a special kind of sociality. Although this line of argumentation has never been dominant in the Western tradition of studying war, it still deserves to be reconstructed in its pure form. This is my aim in this brief note. I believe that sometimes it is more important to develop a preliminary, (as we always hope) interesting, © Oleg Kildyushov, 2015

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Military Conflict--Essays in the Institutional Analysis of War and Peace

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Religion and authoritarianism in the Maldives: Is another authoritarian reversal in the Maldives imminent?

Religion and authoritarianism in the Maldives: Is another authoritarian reversal in the Maldives imminent?

Book Reviews/Boekbesprekings

10 Theses on War and Social Order: Preliminary Arguments on the Constitutive Functions of Armed Conflicts

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