Miles Joseph Berkeley, Camille Montagne andOidium tuckeriBerk

Abstract

Summary.-ln the middle of the nineteenth century, Miles Joseph Berkeley and Camille Montagne contributed actively to the knowledge of plant diseases. The history of the powdery mildew of the vine allows one to outline the ir role and the importance of international relationships in the struggle against parasitic fungi. 2 -Ce nouveau charfl>ignon est-il responsable de la maladie observée ? 3 · Quel est le meilleur traitement à employer ? Si la réponse à la première question révèle les obstacles à la compréhension de ces formes fongiques imparfaites, la façon de répondre à la deuxième est représentée par deux théories : les uns, à la

Yeast diversity in the vineyard: how it is defined, measured and influenced by fungicides

“…Grapevines often need to be treated with fungicides in order to prevent or cure the wide range of fungal and oomycete‐caused diseases affecting soil, vine and grape health. The first attempts at human intervention and active protection of winegrapes began in 1847 in England, and 3 years later in France (Lamy 1992). Powdery mildew ( Erysiphe necator ) destroyed most of the 1854 harvest, reaching a record low level of 2.82 hL/ha (Chevet et al 2011).…”

“…Powdery mildew ( Erysiphe necator ) destroyed most of the 1854 harvest, reaching a record low level of 2.82 hL/ha (Chevet et al 2011). Because of the high economic importance of controlling this disease, the French Government and the Société d'Encouragement pour l'Industrie Nationale (Society for National Industry Encouragement) organised a competition in 1855 to inspire the rise of treatment ideas (Lamy 1992); with sulfur treatments being successful. Some years later, when downy mildew ( Plasmopara viticola , an oomycete) was responsible for a new production crisis (Gianessi and Williams 2011), the discovery of the ‘Bordeaux mixture’ (copper, lime and water) in Médoc, France by Alexis Millardet and Ulysse Gayon gave growers hope (Roudié 1997).…”