Milena Indirect Gasification, Olga Tar Removal, and Ecn Process for Methanation

Rabou, L.P.L.M.; Drift, Bram van der; Dijk, Eric H.A.J. Van; Meijden, C.M. van der; Vreugdenhil, B.J.

doi:10.1002/9781119191339.ch9

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Methanation of small traces of carbon oxides in the H 2 flow to ammonia synthesis reactors is state of the art; further catalytic methanation for the production of synthetic natural gas (SNG) from coal gasification gas has been scaled-up to the GW-scale and is still in operation in the US and especially in China (Schildhauer, 2016). Decentralized methanation of biomass-based gas streams has been under development since nearly 20 years, especially for the conversion of wood gasification based gas (Rabou and Bos, 2012;Held, 2016;Rabou et al, 2016;Schildhauer, 2016;Schildhauer and Biollaz, 2016;Thunman et al, 2018). Since about 10 years, the methanation of CO 2 and biogas for Powerto-Gas applications has been considered (Specht et al, 2016).…”

Section: Catalytic Methanationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Methanation of Biogas—Technical Challenges and Recent Progress

Calbry-Muzyka

Schildhauer

2020

Front. Energy Res.

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The direct methanation of biogas using hydrogen from electrolysis is a promising pathway for seasonal storage of renewables in the natural gas network. It offers particular advantages over the methanation of carbon dioxide separated from biogas, as it eliminates a costly and unnecessary carbon dioxide separation step. The key implementation challenges facing direct methanation of biogas are reviewed here: 1) treatment of biogas impurities; 2) competing reactor concepts for methanation; and 3) competing process concepts for final upgrading. For each of these three aspects, the state of the art is reviewed, focusing especially on results which have been validated at a high Technology Readiness Level (TRL) at recent long-duration demonstrations. The different technology solutions have advantages and disadvantages which may fit best to different technical and economic boundary conditions, which are discussed. As a final outlook, TRL 8 demo plants will be necessary to show the full potential of these systems, and to obtain consistent operation data to allow a cost comparison.

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Section: Catalytic Methanationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Methanation of Biogas—Technical Challenges and Recent Progress

Calbry-Muzyka

Schildhauer

2020

Front. Energy Res.

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“…Within the advanced applications of gasification, the production of biomethane, often called SNG, Substitute Natural Gas, has reached a great potential [5], with high expectations for 2030 and 2050 [6]. A good number of examples have demonstrated technologies for its production [7][8][9]. Sulfur removal showed to be a relevant stage, and complex systems were used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the ESME process [20], a three-fixed-bed reactor system is used, the first with an HDS catalyst at 280 • C, followed by an H 2 S adsorption reactor with ZnO at 420 • C and an unspecified guard bed at 460 • C. The process is carried out at low space velocity, 200-250 h −1 , gas flow 11-12 Nl/min (0.6-0.7 Nm 3 /h) and at a 6-bar pressure. Sulfur reduction concentration below 0.1 ppmv in campaigns of 500 h was demonstrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Organic Sulfur Pollutants from Gasification Gases at Intermediate Temperature by Means of a Zinc–Nickel-Oxide Sorbent for Integration in Biofuel Production

Sánchez-Hervás,

Ortiz,

Martí

et al. 2023

Catalysts

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Production of renewable fuels from gasification is based on catalytic processes. Deep desulfurization is required to avoid the poisoning of the catalysts. It means the removal of H2S but also of organic sulfur species. Conventional cleaning consists of a several-step complex approach comprising catalytic hydro-treating followed by H2S removal. In this work, a single-stage process using a zinc and nickel oxide sorbent has been investigated for the removal of organic sulfur species present in syngas. The process is called reactive adsorption and comes from the refinery industry. The challenge investigated by CIEMAT was to prove for the first time that the concept is also valid for syngas. We have studied the process at a lab scale. Thiophene and benzothiophene, two of the main syngas organic sulfur compounds, were selected as target species to remove. The experimental study comprised the analysis of the effect of temperature (250–450 °C), pressure (1–10 bar), space velocity (2000–3500 h−1), tar components (toluene), sulfur species (H2S), and syngas components (H2, CO, and full syngas CO/CO2/CH4/H2). Operating conditions for removal of thiophene and benzothiophene were determined. Increasing pressure and temperature had a positive effect, and full conversion was achieved at 450 °C, 10 bar and 3500 h−1, accompanied by simultaneous hydrogen sulfide capture by the sorbent in accordance with the reactive adsorption desulfurization (RADS) process. Space velocity and hydrogen content in the syngas had little effect on desulfurization. Thiophene conversions from 39% to 75% were obtained when feeding synthetic syngas mimicking different compositions, spanning from air to steam-oxygen-blown gasification. Toluene, as a model tar component present in syngas, did not strongly affect the removal of thiophene and benzothiophene. H2S inhibited their conversion, falling, respectively, to 2% and 69% at 350 °C and 30% and 80% at 400 °C under full syngas blends.

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Milena Indirect Gasification, Olga Tar Removal, and Ecn Process for Methanation

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

Direct Methanation of Biogas—Technical Challenges and Recent Progress

Direct Methanation of Biogas—Technical Challenges and Recent Progress

Removal of Organic Sulfur Pollutants from Gasification Gases at Intermediate Temperature by Means of a Zinc–Nickel-Oxide Sorbent for Integration in Biofuel Production

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