Mild skin photosensitivity in cancer patients following injection of Photochlor (2-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a; HPPH) for photodynamic therapy

Abstract

Photochlor, at clinically effective antitumor doses, causes only mild skin photosensitivity that declines rapidly over a few days.

Endobronchial photodynamic therapy for lung cancer

“…Although low concentrations of HPPH could be detected in plasma several months after a single infusion, only 3 of 80 patient reported any degree of cutaneous photosensitivity, and the actually relationship to HPPH was unclear. A more extensive study of skin photosensitivity in 48 patients with [42]. Even these mild responses declined over a few days.…”

Cycloreversion and other gas‐phase reactions of neutral and cationic pyrrolidine‐fused chlorins and isobacteriochlorins under ion bombardment and electrospray

“…1,2 Chlorins and bacteriochlorins absorb visible light in the 600-800 nm range, a feature that is a prerequisite for good photodynamic therapy (PDT) [3][4][5] photosensitizers. Photochlor, a chlorophyll a derivative, and m-THPC (m-tetrahydroxyophenylchlorin) have been tested as PDT agents for different types of cancer 6,7 and visudyne (a mixture in which the photoactive component is a benzochlorin derivative) has been tested as a photosensitizer in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. 8 Notwithstanding their importance and in contrast with the large number of mass spectrometric studies reported for porphyrins, the use of mass spectrometry for the characterization and the study of the gas-phase chemistry of chlorins and bacteriochlorins is not as widespread, and has centered mostly on chlorophyll derivatives.…”

Porphyrin-based photosensitizers and the corresponding multifunctional nanoplatforms for cancer-imaging and phototherapy

“…However, Photofrin suffers with some limitations; e.g. longterm skin phototoxicity, relatively limited tumor specificity [27,28] and its inability to treat large and deeply rooted tumors.…”