Mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: 3. Longitudinal and cross‐sectional assessment

Berg, L.; Smith, Deborah S.; Morris, John C.; Miller, J. Philip; Rubin, Eugene H.; Storandt, Martha; Coben, Lawrence A.

doi:10.1002/ana.410280508

Cited by 48 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…This might be the result of a higher mortality among very rapidly progressive dementia cases. Patients derived from a cross-sectional study tend to be less rapidly progressive with respect to cognitive decline, institutionalization and mortality compared to patients derived from a longitudinal study [12,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: The Rotterdam Study

Ruitenberg¹,

Kalmijn²,

Ridder³

et al. 2001

Neuroepidemiology

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The aim of this study was to construct a prognostic model to predict the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Prevalent and incident cases with AD came from the Rotterdam Study, a population-based prospective cohort study of persons aged 55 years and older, including those living in institutions. Rate of cognitive decline, as measured by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE score), was predicted by a random effects model. Risk of institutionalization and death were estimated with polytomous logistic regression analysis. At baseline, 306 subjects were diagnosed with prevalent AD and had complete data on living conditions and cognitive function. After a mean follow-up of 2.1 years, 95 subjects with incident AD had been diagnosed. Prevalent patients showed a slower decline in cognitive function than incident patients (p = 0.004). For prevalent and incident AD patients, high age and low cognitive performance were the strongest predictors for institutionalization and death. These prognostic risk functions can provide information on the decline of Alzheimer patients and might be used to better evaluate the effect of treatments for AD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: The Rotterdam Study

Ruitenberg¹,

Kalmijn²,

Ridder³

et al. 2001

Neuroepidemiology

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“…The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) is a qualitative global rating scale for dementia that is primarily used to assess the severity of Alzheimer's disease (Berg, 1984;Hughes et al, 1982). CDR has proved to be useful in distinguishing patients with mild dementia from normal controls in a selected population (Berg et al, 1988(Berg et al, , 1990Davis et al, 1990;Hughes et al, 1982). Previously, it has not been used in an unselected population as a screening tool.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale in Screening for Dementia

Juva

Sulkava

Erkinjuntti

et al. 1995

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale is aqualitative staging instrument that has traditionally been used forassessing the severity of dementia.We used it for screening dementia in a population study of 75-,80-, and 85-yearold people. The modified CDR scale was easy to establish and it proved to be useful in screening dementia. A more thorough examination is needed in the second phase to identify the false positives. The sensitivity of theCDR scale was 95% and the specificity 94%.

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“…At baseline, the examining physician utilizes standardized methodology to estimate duration of illness [15] and performs the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale [16,17] and CDR Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) [18] , a global measure of cognition and function. Neuropsychological tests of interest included: WMS-R LM I or immediate memory of 2 short stories, WMS-R LM II or delayed memory (30 min) of 2 short stories, WMS-R Visual Reproduction I (VR I) or immediate memory for 4 geometric designs, WMS-R Visual Reproduction II (VR II) or delayed memory (30 min) for 4 geometric designs [12] ; ADAS-Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) Delayed Word List Recall or delayed memory for 10 words that are semantically unrelated (5 min) following the 3rd trial of a 10-word list acquisition task [19] ; the Rey-Osterrieth Copy (Rey-O) complex figure copy [20] to evaluate visuospatial ability; Mini-Mental State examination (MMSE), a test of cognition [21] , and the CDR-SB.…”

Section: Baseline Demographic and Psychometric Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Subtle Amnestic and Nonamnestic Deficits in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Prognosis and Conversion to Dementia

Rountree

Waring

Chan³

et al. 2007

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background/Aims: To evaluate baseline characteristics and conversion to dementia in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes. Methods: We prospectively evaluated conversion to dementia in 106 patients with amnestic MCI (A-MCI) as defined by Petersen’s operationalized criteria on a paragraph recall task, amnestic-subthreshold MCI (AS-MCI) as defined by impairment on the ADAS-cog delayed word list recall with normal paragraph recall, nonamnestic MCI (NA-MCI) defined by a nonmemory domain, and in 27 patients with subjective memory loss who had no deficit on formal neuropsychological testing. Results: For all MCI subtypes, the 4-year conversion to dementia was 56% (14% annually) and to AD was 46% (11% annually). Conversion to AD in the A-MCI (56%) was similar to the rate in AS-MCI (50%). Conversion to AD in the A-MCI and AS-MCI combined was 56% (14% annually). Conversion to dementia in the NA-MCI was 52% (13% annually) and the majority converted to AD (62%). Conclusions: All MCI subtypes are at risk of converting to AD if the groups are carefully defined by an abnormal psychometric domain. All subtypes except subjective memory loss converted to AD at higher than expected rates. Both the A-MCI and AS-MCI subtypes had a similarly high rate of conversion to AD. The deficit on a word list recall task may develop before an abnormality on delayed paragraph recall is evident, at least in some subjects.

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Mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: 3. Longitudinal and cross‐sectional assessment

Cited by 48 publications

References 16 publications

Prognosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: The Rotterdam Study

Prognosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: The Rotterdam Study

Usefulness of the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale in Screening for Dementia

Importance of Subtle Amnestic and Nonamnestic Deficits in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Prognosis and Conversion to Dementia

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