Mild iron deficiency anaemia during pregnancy and lactation in guinea pigs alters amplitudes and auditory nerve velocity, but not brainstem transmission times in the offspring's auditory brainstem response

Abstract

In support to our previous findings, the present results indicate that a mild IDA during gestation and lactation can have detrimental effects on early development of the offsprings' hearing and nervous systems, particularly on neural synchrony and auditory nerve conduction velocity, but not on BTT.

Prenatal Iron Deficiency in Guinea Pigs Increases Locomotor Activity but Does Not Influence Learning and Memory

“…In contrast with our recent publications [ 34 , 35 , 70 ] in which, to avoid genetic confounding factors, sibling data were combined as a single unit, the current study does not use this approach. Instead, data from individual guinea-pigs were used because learning and behavioural processes are specific to individuals and cannot be combined across multiple animals.…”

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions in newborn babies with and without late-term maternal iron deficiency anaemia

“…Iron is a crucial element for the proper development and functioning of the peripheral and central auditory systems ( Jougleux et al., 2011 , 2014 ; Yu et al., 2014 ). In the peripheral auditory system, iron is engaged in a variety of biochemical processes and is important for oxygen transport & delivery, growth & differentiation of cells, electro-mitochondrial transfer, and several enzymatic systems.…”

“…In the peripheral auditory system, iron is engaged in a variety of biochemical processes and is important for oxygen transport & delivery, growth & differentiation of cells, electro-mitochondrial transfer, and several enzymatic systems. Intra-neuronal iron participates in the synthesis and release of neuro-mediators, neurotransmitter metabolism, and synaptic transmission within the inner ear (cochlea) ( Jougleux et al., 2014 ). ID can result in structural as well as functional changes in the cochlea due to the inability of blood to transport oxygen to the living tissues, and due to a compromised function of the vital enzymes ( Jougleux et al., 2011 , 2014 ; Yu et al., 2014 ).…”

“…Intra-neuronal iron participates in the synthesis and release of neuro-mediators, neurotransmitter metabolism, and synaptic transmission within the inner ear (cochlea) ( Jougleux et al., 2014 ). ID can result in structural as well as functional changes in the cochlea due to the inability of blood to transport oxygen to the living tissues, and due to a compromised function of the vital enzymes ( Jougleux et al., 2011 , 2014 ; Yu et al., 2014 ). Animal studies have shown that ID decreases the cochlear sensory hair cells by increasing the number of apoptotic cells ( Yu et al., 2014 ) and can cause abnormalities in the hair cells of the cochlea such as stereocilia fusion/twisting, coalescence of adjacent stereocilia, loss of stiffness of sensory hair, and loss of stereocilia ( Sun et al., 1987 ).…”

Identifying the Threshold of Iron Deficiency in the Central Nervous System of the Rat by the Auditory Brainstem Response

“…In the central nervous system (CNS), iron is an essential cofactor for many enzymes including those involved in energy metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and the process of myelination ( Conrad et al., 2000 ; Rao et al., 2003 ; Eden, 2005 ; Brotanek et al., 2007 ; Tran et al., 2008 ; Wu et al., 2008 ; Collard, 2009 ; Todorich et al., 2009 ; Tran et al., 2009 ; Kumari et al., 2012 ; Tran et al., 2012 ; Callahan et al., 2013 ; Polin et al., 2013 ; Radlowski and Johnson, 2013 ; Rao et al., 2013 ). Therefore, the impact of ID during vulnerable periods of neurodevelopment can be significant, and early gestational ID has been associated with abnormalities in neuronal development in both children and animals ( Felt and Lozoff, 1996 ; Lozoff, 2000 ; Algarin et al., 2003 ; Walter, 2003 ; Lozoff and Georgieff, 2006 ; Rosato-Siri et al., 2010 ; Mihaila et al., 2011 ; Lee et al., 2012 ; Amin et al., 2013 ; Pisansky et al., 2013 ; Greminger et al., 2014 ; Jougleux et al., 2014 )…”