Mild Cognitive Impairment: Vascular Risk Factors in Community Elderly in Four Cities of Hebei Province, China

Abstract

BackgroundEvidence has demonstrated that vascular risk factors (VRFs) contribute to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the elderly population. Because of the race and different diagnosis standard, there is still no definitive conclusions.ObjectiveTo estimate the VRFs and potential protective factors for MCI in elderly population living in the community in North China.MethodsA total of 3136 participants entered the study. They were screened for hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), and cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Cognitive function was assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The diagnosis of MCI was made according to Petersen’s criteria. We investigated the relationship between vascular risk factors, potential protective factors and MCI.ResultsA total of 2511 (80%) participant belonged to normal group and 625 (20%) participants showed MCI. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that stroke and diabetes, but not hypertension or CHD was associated with MCI. Besides, exercise habit could lower the risk of MCI.ConclusionsVascular Risk Factors, including stroke and diabetes, rather than hypertension and CHD are independent risk factors of MCI. Involvement in physical activities seems to reduce the risk of MCI.

Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Rural Thai Older People, Associated Risk Factors and their Cognitive Characteristics

“…Heart disease was not a significant factor. The study in China demonstrated that stroke and DM but not hypertension and coronary heart disease were related risk factors of MCI [10]. Another Chinese study found that DM was shown to be a risk factor of MCI progressing to AD.…”

“…However, the MoCA-B (Thai version) was already developed for screening MCI in illiterate and low education populations [18]. A study in China found that the prevalence of MCI was 20%, and it was significantly higher in people who did not exercise [10]. The study worldwide of the prevalence of MCI in diverse geographical and ethnocultural regions which analyzed data from 11 international cohort studies which included USA, Europe, Asia and Australia found that the estimation of MCI prevalence was 5.0-36.7%.…”

“…Associated risk factors were defined as potential risk factors. These included demographic data (e.g., gender, age, education), memory problems and health conditions (history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus [DM], heart disease) [10,11,19,20].…”

“…These numbers were different depending on the method of study which included tools, age, education and the areas of study [7][8][9]. It has been reported that higher age, heart problems, blood pressure and diabetes were considered as risk factors of MCI [10,11]. Studies on the prevalence, risk factors and characteristics of cognitive impairment in rural northern Thailand are rare, and publications using the tool that has been validated for a very low educated population with Montreal Cognitive Assessment -Basic (MoCA-B, Thai version) have not yet been published worldwide.…”

<p>Relationship Between Self-Care Behavior and Cognitive Function in Hospitalized Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

“…[10][11][12] Cognitive dysfunction has an adverse effect on self-care behavior, while poor glycemic control has also been shown to be a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction. 13,14 Middle-aged patients with T2DM were found to exhibit a certain degree of cognitive dysfunction. 15,16 However, the impact of cognitive dysfunction on the selfcare behavior of young and middle-aged adult patients is not well characterized.…”