Mild cognitive impairment: Transition from aging to Alzheimer's disease

The effects of ageing and cognitive impairment on on‐line and off‐line motor learning

“…It is not surprising to learn that schizophrenia notably hinders an individuals ability to learn motor skill via offline. It is also likely that other types of cognitive disorder or reduced cognitive abilities (e.g., mild cognitive impairment or memory loss; Petersen, 2000) have similar detrimental impacts on the on-and offline learning or motor memory consolidation. Memory disorders, to certain extent, diminish both motor control and skill learning (Yan & Dick, 2006;Yan et al, 2000).…”

Protein Levels and Activity of Some Antioxidant Enzymes in Hippocampus of Subjects with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

“…Amnestic MCI involves loss of memory and histologically shows the loss of brain cells, and about 70% of MCI cases were reported to eventually transform into AD [2,3]. The cause of AD is not yet clearly understood, but a number of hypotheses are proposed to explain AD pathology, one of which is elevated oxidative stress.…”

“…MCI is classified into two major types: amnestic MCI and nonamensitc MCI. Most individuals with amnestic MCI were reported to eventually develop AD, which suggests that MCI may be the earliest phase of AD [1][2][3][4]. A number of studies showed elevated levels of oxidative stress markers in MCI brain, indexed by higher levels of protein, lipid, carbohydrate, RNA, and DNA oxidation [5][6][7][8][9].…”

Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier

“…More importantly, might subtle patterns of decline on everyday problem-solving measures serve as useful ''early warning'' indicators of incipient cognitive decline and functional impairment? From a clinical perspective, it has been generally assumed that everyday functioning remains ''intact'' in later life, even in the early stages of preclinical cognitive impairment (Peterson, 2003). Impairments in IADLs and more basic activities of daily living (ADLs, e.g., Katz et al, 1963) are not expected until individuals progress to later stages of dementia.…”

“…The ability to use everyday problemsolving measures to identify subtle preclinical changes (e.g., early cognitive losses, as in mild cognitive impairment; Peterson, 2000Peterson, , 2003, as opposed to later stages of dementia, is one issue that needs further study. Allaire and Willis (in press) have reported one of the few investigations that explored everyday problem solving in a prospective study of dementia and found that EPCCE scores differentiated among cognitively impaired, ''possibly impaired,'' and unimpaired older adults, although the contrast between the first two groups disappeared after controlling for age, gender, and education.…”