Mild cognitive impairment in a Spanish representative sample: prevalence and associated factors

Lara, Elvira; Koyanagi, Ai; Olaya, Beatriz; Lobò, Antonio; Miret, Marta; Tyrovolas, Stefanos; Ayuso-Mateos, José Luís; Haro, Josep María

doi:10.1002/gps.4398

Cited by 69 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…52,53 Decline in muscle mass and strength may reduce expression of BDNF that is thought to play a role in brain health. 47,48 61 In the current study, and in accordance with previous publications, 32…”

Section: General Findingssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The selection of control variables was based on past literature and included age, sex, wealth quintiles based on country-specific income, years of education, physical activity, obesity, number of chronic physical conditions, and depression. 7,32 Physical activity levels were assessed with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. 33 The total amount of moderate to vigorous physical activity in a typical week was calculated based on self-report.…”

Section: Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between handgrip strength and mild cognitive impairment in middle‐aged and older adults in six low‐ and middle‐income countries

Vancampfort

Stubbs

Firth

et al. 2019

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Objectives A number of small‐scale, single‐country studies have suggested that muscular weakness may be a biomarker for cognitive health, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. However, multinational, representative studies are lacking, particularly from low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Thus, we assessed the association between muscular strength (measured by maximal handgrip) and MCI in six LMICs (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa), using nationally representative data. Methods Cross‐sectional, community‐based data on individuals aged 50 years or older from the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health were analyzed. MCI was defined according to the National Institute on Aging‐Alzheimer's Association criteria. Weak handgrip strength was defined as less than 30 kg for men and less than 20 kg for women using the average value of two handgrip measurements of the dominant hand. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between muscular strength and MCI. Results A total of 32 715 participants were included (mean age 62 ± SD 15.6 y and 51.7% female). The prevalence of MCI and weak handgrip strength was 15.3% (95% CI, 14.4%‐16.3%) and 46.5% (95% CI, 43.6%‐49.5%), respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, weak handgrip strength was associated with 1.41 (95% CI, 1.23‐1.61) times higher odds for MCI. The corresponding figures for those aged 50 to 64 years and 65 years or older were 1.35 (95% CI, 1.14‐1.60) and 1.54 (95% CI, 1.27‐1.86), respectively. Conclusions Muscular weakness may provide a clinically useful indicator of MCI risk. Increasing our understanding of the connection between muscular and cognitive function could ultimately lead to the development and broader implementation of resistance training interventions targeting both physical and cognitive health.

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Section: General Findingssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between handgrip strength and mild cognitive impairment in middle‐aged and older adults in six low‐ and middle‐income countries

Vancampfort

Stubbs

Firth

et al. 2019

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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“…We applied the same algorithms used in a previous publication to identify MCI [23]. In brief, individuals fulfilling all of the following conditions were considered to have MCI: (a) concern about a change in cognition; (b) objective evidence of impairment in one or more cognitive domains based on a 1-SD cutoff after adjusting for level of education and age of the sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Depression on the Development of Mild Cognitive Impairment over 3 Years of Follow-Up: A Population-Based Study

Lara¹,

Koyanagi²,

Domènech‐Abella³

et al. 2017

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background/Aims: In the absence of effective treatments for dementia, major efforts are being directed towards identifying the risk factors of the prodromal phase of the disease. We report the incidence rates of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a Spanish population sample and assess the effect of depression at baseline on incident MCI (or MCI subtypes) at a 3-year follow-up. Methods: A total of 1,642 participants (age ≥50 years) were examined as part of a Spanish nationally representative longitudinal study. MCI was defined as the presence of cognitive concerns, objective evidence of impairment in one or more cognitive domains, preservation of independence in functional abilities, and no dementia. Depression was assessed through an adaptation of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses were carried out to assess the associations. Results: The overall MCI incidence rate was 33.19 (95% CI = 26.02, 43.04) per 1,000 person-years. Depression at baseline predicted the onset of MCI at follow-up after controlling for sociodemographics, cognitive functioning, and other physical health conditions (OR = 2.79; 95% CI = 1.70, 4.59). The effect of baseline depression on incident MCI subtypes was as follows: amnestic MCI, OR = 3.81 (95% CI = 1.96, 7.43); nonamnestic MCI, OR = 2.03 (95% CI = 0.98, 4.21). Conclusion: Depression significantly increases the risk for MCI. Targeting depression among those at risk for dementia may help delay or even prevent the onset of dementia.

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“…Likewise, dietary patterns may be of great importance in the prevention of cognitive decline in later life (Smith and Blumenthal, 2016). Several studies have indicated the actual benefits of early control of diets and lifestyle in lowering the rate of MCI (Eshkoor et al, 2015; Roberts et al, 2015; Lara et al, 2016). Meanwhile, prospective studies have shown that individuals with a “Mediterranean-like diets” were less likely to suffer from dementia or cognitive decline (Cao et al, 2015; Gardener et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Intake of Nutrients and Lifestyle Affect the Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Chinese Elderly Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Guo

et al. 2016

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a pre-clinical stage of Alzheimer’s disease afflicting a large number of the elderly throughout the world. However, modifiable risk factors for the onset and progression of MCI remain unclear. A cross-sectional study was performed to explore whether and how daily dietary nutrients intake and lifestyle impacted the risk of MCI in the Chinese elderly. We examined 2,892 elderly subjects, including 768 MCI patients and 2,124 subjects with normal cognition in three different Provinces of China. Dietary intake of nutrients were collected by using a 33-item food frequency questionnaire and calculated based on the Chinese Food Composition database. The MCI patients were first screened by Montreal Cognitive Assessment and then diagnosed by medical neurologists. Multivariate logistic regression and exploratory factor analyses were applied to identify and rank the risk factors. Three dietary nutrient intake combination patterns were identified as the major protective factors of MCI, with eigenvalues of 14.11, 2.26, and 1.51 and adjusted odds ratios (OR) of 0.77, 0.81, and 0.83 (P < 0.05), respectively. The most protective combination was featured with eight vitamins and six minerals, and OR for the third and fourth quartiles of these nutrients intake ranged from 0.48 to 0.74 (P < 0.05). Carotenoids, vitamin C, and vitamin B6 exhibited the highest protective factor loadings of 0.97, 0.95, and 0.92 (P < 0.05), respectively. Education, computer use, reading, and drinking represented the most protective lifestyle factors (OR = 0.25 to 0.85, P < 0.05), whereas smoking and peripheral vascular diseases were associated with higher (OR = 1.40 and 1.76, P < 0.05) risk of MCI. Adequate dietary intake of monounsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol were significantly associated with decreased risk of MCI. In conclusion, adequate or enhanced intake of micronutrients seemed to lower the risk of MCI in the Chinese elderly. In addition, improving education and lifestyle such as reading, computer use and moderate drinking might also help to decrease the risk of MCI.

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Mild cognitive impairment in a Spanish representative sample: prevalence and associated factors

Abstract: Significant associations between MCI and psychological, cardiovascular and lifestyle factors were found. Targeting modifiable risk factors might reduce the risk for MCI and subsequent dementia.

Cited by 69 publications

References 44 publications

Associations between handgrip strength and mild cognitive impairment in middle‐aged and older adults in six low‐ and middle‐income countries

Associations between handgrip strength and mild cognitive impairment in middle‐aged and older adults in six low‐ and middle‐income countries

The Impact of Depression on the Development of Mild Cognitive Impairment over 3 Years of Follow-Up: A Population-Based Study

Dietary Intake of Nutrients and Lifestyle Affect the Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Chinese Elderly Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

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