Mild Cognitive Impairment and Normal Aging

Rog, Lauren A.; Fink, Joseph W.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3106-0_16

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 114 publications

(147 reference statements)

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“…An alpha level < 0.001 was considered statistically significant after Bonferroni-adjustment for multiple comparisons of the 31 neuropsychological outcomes. In order to reduce the number of variables in the structure-function correlation analyses, the neuropsychological z-scores were clustered into cognitive domains (Rog and Fink, 2013 ). Each neuropsychological domain score was correlated with each radiological score in linear regression analysis.…”

Section: Cerebral Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rog and Fink ( 2013 ) recommended that cognitive assessment in MCI should include all major neuropsychological domains (i.e., attention, working memory, visual and verbal learning and memory, processing speed, and executive function) and ideally also an estimate of general cognitive ability. The aging brains' ability to tolerate structural damage relates to the resilience, or “reserve,” of the brain (Stern, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present cross-sectional descriptive study, we aimed to investigate and describe the differences between patients with MCI to nonimpaired individuals on a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery that included an estimate of cognitive reserve (GAI) and visual radiological scoring systems. Further, we aimed to investigate if the degree of brain pathology identified by the clinical visual scoring systems on MRI is correlated with the scores on neuropsychological domains of attention, working memory, visual and verbal episodic learning and memory, processing speed, and executive function in patients with MCI (Rog and Fink, 2013 ). We hypothesized that the MCI patients would have inferior scores on several cognitive domains, but that GAI would moderate group differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Profiles and Atrophy Ratings on MRI in Senior Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment

Flak

Hol

Hernes

et al. 2018

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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In this cross-sectional study, we sought to describe cognitive and neuroimaging profiles of Memory clinic patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). 51 MCI patients and 51 controls, matched on age, sex, and socio-economic status (SES), were assessed with an extensive neuropsychological test battery that included a measure of intelligence (General Ability Index, “GAI,” from WAIS-IV), and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MCI subtypes were determined after inclusion, and z-scores normalized to our control group were generated for each cognitive domain in each MCI participant. MR-images were scored by visual rating scales. MCI patients performed significantly worse than controls on 23 of 31 cognitive measures (Bonferroni corrected p = 0.001), and on 8 of 31 measures after covarying for intelligence (GAI). Compared to nonamnestic MCI patients, amnestic MCI patients had lower test results in 13 of 31 measures, and 5 of 31 measures after co-varying for GAI. Compared to controls, the MCI patients had greater atrophy on Schelten's Medial temporal lobe atrophy score (MTA), especially in those with amnestic MCI. The only structure-function correlation that remained significant after correction for multiple comparisons was the MTA—long delay recall domain. Intelligence operationalized as GAI appears to be an important moderator of the neuropsychological outcomes. Atrophy of the medial temporal lobe, based on MTA scores, may be a sensitive biomarker for the functional episodic memory deficits associated with MCI.

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Section: Cerebral Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cognitive Profiles and Atrophy Ratings on MRI in Senior Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment

Flak

Hol

Hernes

et al. 2018

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…The cognitive deficits observed in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) signal abnormal changes in neural structure and function representative of possible prodromal markers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or other significant neurodegenerative disorder (Albert et al 2011 ; Petersen et al 2001 , 2009 ; Saunders and Summers 2011 ). These deficits exceed the age-related changes in cognitive efficiency, attention, memory, and executive functions anticipated at the fifth to sixth decade of life and may progressively accelerate into more significant cognitive declines by the seventh to eighth decades (Cabeza et al 2017 ; Rog and Fink 2013 ; Salthouse 1996 , 2011 ; Schaie and Willis 2010 ). As there are no effective medical or pharmacological intervention for the treatment of MCI or AD, other interventions such as compensatory cognitive strategies, “brain-games”, and other lifestyle changes (i.e.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Efficacy of Cognitive Intervention in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): a Meta-Analysis of Outcomes on Neuropsychological Measures

et al. 2017

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Cognitive training in MCI may stimulate pre-existing neural reserves or recruit neural circuitry as “compensatory scaffolding” prompting neuroplastic reorganization to meet task demands (Reuter-Lorenz & Park, 2014). However, existing systematic reviews and meta-analytic studies exploring the benefits of cognitive interventions in MCI have been mixed. An updated examination regarding the efficacy of cognitive intervention in MCI is needed given improvements in adherence to MCI diagnostic criteria in subject selection, better defined interventions and strategies applied, increased use of neuropsychological measures pre- and post-intervention, as well as identification of moderator variables which may influence treatment. As such, this meta-analytic review was conducted to examine the efficacy of cognitive intervention in individuals diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) versus MCI controls based on performance of neuropsychological outcome measures in randomized controlled trials (RCT). RCT studies published from January 1995 to June 2017 were obtained through source databases of MEDLINE-R, PubMed, Healthstar, Global Health, PSYCH-INFO, and Health and Psychological Instruments using search parameters for MCI diagnostic category (mild cognitive impairment, MCI, pre-Alzheimer’s disease, early cognitive decline, early onset Alzheimer’s disease, and preclinical Alzheimer’s disease) and the intervention or training conducted (intervention, training, stimulation, rehabilitation, or treatment). Other inclusion and exclusion criteria included subject selection based on established MCI criteria, RCT design in an outpatient setting, MCI controls (active or passive), and outcomes based on objective neuropsychological measures. From the 1199 abstracts identified, 26 articles met inclusion criteria for the meta-analyses completed across eleven (11) countries; 92.31% of which have been published within the past 7 years. A series of meta-analyses were performed to examine the effects of cognitive intervention by cognitive domain, type of training, and intervention content (cognitive domain targeted). We found significant, moderate effects for multicomponent training (Hedges’ g observed = 0.398; CI [0.164, 0.631]; Z = 3.337; p = 0.001; Q = 55.511; df = 15; p = 0.000; I 2 = 72.978%; τ 2 = 0.146) as well as multidomain-focused strategies (Hedges’ g = 0.230; 95% CI [0.108, 0.352]; Z = 3.692; p < 0.001; Q = 12.713; df = 12; p = 0.390; I 2 = 5.612; τ 2 = 0.003). The effects for other interventions explored by cognitive domain, training type, or intervention content were indeterminate due to concerns for heterogeneity, bias, and small cell sizes. In addition, subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted with the moderators of MCI category, mode of intervention, training type, intervention content, program duration (total hours), type of control group (active or passive), post-intervention follow-up assessment period, and control for repeat administration. We found significant overall effects for intervention content wi...

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“…The cognitive evaluation included the administration of standardized and commonly used neuropsychological tests (Wechsler Memory Scale 3.ed/WMS-III, Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System/D-KEFS, California Verbal Learning Test 2.ed/ CVLT-II, and Rey Complex Figure Test/RCFT). We grouped the tests into the cognitive domains of working memory, attention, processing speed, visual and verbal learning, visual and verbal memory and executive functions (Rog and Fink, 2013). The outcomes are operationalized theoretical construct of the various cognitive domains.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Computerized Working Memory Training in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment. A Randomized Double-Blind Active Controlled Trial

et al. 2019

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Objective We investigated if a 5-week computerized adaptive working memory training program (Cogmed ® ) of 20 to 25 sessions would be effective in improving the working memory capacity and other neuropsychological functions compared to a non-adaptive working memory training program (active-controlled) in adult patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods This randomized double-blinded active control trial included 68 individuals aged 43 to 88 years, 45 men and 23 women, who were diagnosed with MCI at four Memory clinics. The study sample was randomized by block randomization to either adaptive or non-adaptive computerized working memory training. All participants completed the training, and were assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery before the intervention, and at 1 and 4 months after training. Results Compared to the non-adaptive training group, the adaptive training group did not show significantly greater improvement on the main outcome of working memory performance at 1 and 4 months after training. Conclusion No difference were found between the two types of training on the primary outcome of working memory, or on secondary outcomes of cognitive function domains, in this sample of MCI patients. Hence, the hypothesis that the adaptive training program would lead to greater improvements compared to the non-adaptive training program was not supported. Within group analyses was not performed due to the stringent RCT design.

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Mild Cognitive Impairment and Normal Aging

Cited by 8 publications

References 114 publications

Cognitive Profiles and Atrophy Ratings on MRI in Senior Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment

Cognitive Profiles and Atrophy Ratings on MRI in Senior Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment

The Efficacy of Cognitive Intervention in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): a Meta-Analysis of Outcomes on Neuropsychological Measures

Adaptive Computerized Working Memory Training in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment. A Randomized Double-Blind Active Controlled Trial

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