Milagrito, a TeV air-shower array

Atkins, R.; Benbow, W.; Berley, D.; Chen, M L; Coyne, D. G.; Delay, R. S.; Dingus, B. L.; Dorfan, D. E.; Ellsworth, R. W.; Espinoza, C.; Evans, D. A.; Falcone, A.; Fleysher, Lazar; Fleysher, Roman; Gisler, G.; Goodman, J. A.; Haines, T. J.; Hoffman, C. M.; Hugenberger, S.; Kelley, L. A.; Klein, S. R.; Leonor, I.; Macri, J.; McConnell, Mark L.; McCullough, J. F.; McEnery, J. E.; Miller, R. S.; Mincer, A. I.; Morales, M. F.; Murray, M.; Némethy, P.; Paliaga, G.; Ryan, J. M.; Schneider, M.; Shen, B. C.; Shoup, A.; Sinnis, G.; Smith, A. J.; Sullivan, G. W.; Thompson, T. N.; Tümer, O. T.; Wang, K; Wascko, M. O.; Westerhoff, S.; Williams, D. A.; Yang, T.; Yodh, G.

doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(00)00146-7

Cited by 65 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The TeV diffuse γ-ray emission from the Galactic Plane (Atkins et al 2005) and from the Cygnus region ) has been measured by Milagro, a water Cerenkov telescope surveying the northern sky at TeV energies (Atkins et al 2000(Atkins et al , 2003. The diffuse emission measured by Milagro is (7.3 ± 1.5 ± 2.3) × 10 −11 photons cm −2 sr −1 s −1 for E > 3.5 TeV in the region 40 o < l < 100 o (Atkins et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on the TeV source population and its contribution to the galactic diffuse TeV emission

Casanova

Dingus

2008

Astroparticle Physics

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The detection by the HESS atmospheric Cerenkov telescope of fourteen new sources from the Galactic plane makes it possible to estimate the contribution of unresolved sources like those detected by HESS to the diffuse Galactic emission measured by the Milagro Collaboration. The number-intensity relation and the luminosity function for the HESS source population are investigated. By evaluating the contribution of such a source population to the diffuse emission we conclude that a significant fraction of the TeV energy emission measured by the Milagro experiment could be due to unresolved sources like HESS sources. Predictions concerning the number of sources which Veritas, Milagro, and HAWC should detect are also given.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on the TeV source population and its contribution to the galactic diffuse TeV emission

Casanova

Dingus

2008

Astroparticle Physics

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“…To be more specific, if we choose the line N θ = 15, which seems well enough to meet the efficiency requirement, the first dot tells the average speed of the fast iteration algorithm-greater than 80 events per second for the shower with lg(N hit ) > 2. 6, nearly containing all the triggered events. The speed obtained in terms of required computing resources meets the specification of the LHAASO project.…”

Section: Efficiency and Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The water Cherenkov technique has been widely used in ground particle detectors, such as the Milagro experiment [6] and its new generation facility HAWC [7], the Pierre Auger Observatory [8], and IceCube/IceTop experiments [9,10]. One of the properties of the water Cherenkov Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trigger and noise filtering algorithms for the LHAASO water Cherenkov detector array

Wang

Yao

Zha

et al. 2017

Radiat Detect Technol Methods

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Introduction The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) will be constructed at Mt. Haizishan, Sichuan Province, China. Among several detector components of the LHAASO, the Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA) is of great importance for gamma-ray astronomy from 100 GeV to 30 TeV. The single-channel counting rate of a photo-multiplier tube can reach as high as 30 -35 kHz, most of them are background noise hits from the low energy cosmic ray showers, bringing a big challenge on data transferring, data storage and event reconstruction. Methods In this paper, a dedicated trigger scheme and a fast noise filtering method aiming to deal with these high rate background noise hits are introduced. These methods are tested with some Monte Carlo simulation data, showing a fair efficiency in filtering background noise hits, while most of the real shower signals are kept. Conclusion This method is proposed to be applied in a stage of the online processing just after the data are acquired in LHAASO-WCDA.

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“…Milagro was a water Cherenkov gamma-ray observatory (EAS type) sensitive to gamma rays in the energy range ∼ 50 GeV to 100 TeV. The observatory was located near Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA at latitude 35.9 • north, longitude 106.7 • west and an altitude of 2630 m, and was operational from 2000 to 2008 [12]. The Milagro detector had two components: a central rectangular 60 m × 80 m × 7 m reservoir filled with purified water and an array of 175 smaller outrigger (OR) tanks distributed over an area of 200 m × 200 m surrounding the reservoir.…”

Section: Milagro and Hawc Observatoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milagro limits and HAWC sensitivity for the rate-density of evaporating Primordial Black Holes

Abdo

Abeysekara

Alfaro

et al. 2015

Astroparticle Physics

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Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) are gravitationally collapsed objects that may have been created by density fluctuations in the early universe and could have arbitrarily small masses down to the Planck scale. Hawking showed that due to quantum effects, a black hole has a temperature inversely proportional to its mass and will emit all species of fundamental particles thermally. PBHs with initial masses of ∼ 5.0 × 10 14 g should be expiring in the present epoch with bursts of high-energy particles, including gamma radiation in the GeV -TeV energy range. The Milagro high energy observatory, which operated from 2000 to 2008, is sensitive to the high end of the PBH evaporation gamma-ray spectrum. Due to its large field-of-view, more than 90% duty cycle and sensitivity up to 100 TeV gamma rays, the Milagro observatory is well suited to perform a search for PBH bursts. Based on a search on the Milagro data, we report new PBH burst rate density upper limits over a range of PBH observation times. In addition, we report the sensitivity of the Milagro successor, the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory, to PBH evaporation events.

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Milagrito, a TeV air-shower array

Cited by 65 publications

References 13 publications

Constraints on the TeV source population and its contribution to the galactic diffuse TeV emission

Constraints on the TeV source population and its contribution to the galactic diffuse TeV emission

Trigger and noise filtering algorithms for the LHAASO water Cherenkov detector array

Milagro limits and HAWC sensitivity for the rate-density of evaporating Primordial Black Holes

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