MikroRNA w zaburzeniach rytmu serca

Abstract

The aetiology of cardiac arrhythmias, especially atrial fibrillation (AF), is complex and needs further evaluation. The predisposition to arrhythmias may have a genetic origin, and recently more attention is paid to the role of microRNA (miRNA). MiRNAs are small, non-coding RNA molecules with properties that inhibit messenger RNA and regulate most biological processes in cells. MiRNAs play a key role in the development of the cardiovascular system, where the regulatory function of the miRNAs is essential for the proper organogenesis of the cardiovascular system. MiRNA is also responsible for the control of the expression of genes involved in the rhythm and function of the heart, including the regulation of cardiac cell proliferation, expression of ion channels and their function, regulation of inflammatory processes, apoptosis, and fibrosis. It has been shown that differences in the levels of circulating miRNAs in the blood correlate with various arrhythmias. A large number of relations between the change in miRNA expression and an increased risk of specific arrhythmia have been established. The greatest number of such relations was discovered for AF. The available data describing changes in the atria of the heart predisposing to AF and intensifying during long-term AF indicates the need to search for biomarkers. Identifying the role of the miRNAs in the pathogenesis of arrhythmias is a major step in the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools.