Mikrobielle Sensoren auf Basis von Respirationsmessungen

Riedel, K.; Neumann, Bettina; Scheller, Frieder W.

doi:10.1002/cite.330640608

“…The bubbles that developed mainly at the peristaltic pumps were reduced by a flow restrictor and removed by two bubble traps. More important, the flow was mixed with a 100-fold excess of air over buffer and sprayed through a temperature control immediately before the measurement of oxygen (modified after Riedel). Spraying stabilized the oxygen measurement for automatization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated Amplified Flow Immunoassay for Cocaine

Bauer

¹

,

Eremenko

²

,

Kühn

³

et al. 1998

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An amplified flow immunoassay (AFIA) was developed for cocaine, which combines a noncompetitive immunoenzymometric assay (IEMA) with an on-line detection of the enzyme label alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by a substrate-recycling biosensor. In the IEMA, the analyte cocaine first binds to a labeled polyclonal anti-cocaine antibody. Then, the excess labeled antibody is separated on an affinity column that contains a perfusion chromatography carrier modified by immobilized cocaine. The unbound complexes of the analyte cocaine with the ALP-labeled antibody are detected postcolumn. The detector senses phenol produced by ALP from phenyl phosphate. As detector, an amperometric substrate-recycling biosensor was used, which consists of a Clark-type oxygen electrode covered by tyrosinase and pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase. The lower limit of detection is 380 pM (38 fmol) for cocaine. The sampling rate is 26/h. Cocaine could be detected from "real samples" with an imprecision of +/- 10% (n = 3) and with a recovery of 49 +/- 3% for various concentrations. AFIA is generally important as a new approach for the fast detection of picomolar concentrations of haptens.

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“…For this purpose yeast and/or bacterial cells (mainly the yeasts T richosporon sp. or Issatchenkia and the bacterium Rhodococcus erythropolis [370], [386]) are immobilized on top of a Clark oxygen electrode and the oxygen consumption is measured. The great advantage of BOD sensors is a short measurement time (20 s to several minutes) compared with the classical BOD test in wastewater treatment, which requires five days.…”

Section: Whole-cell Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A major challenge in exploiting whole (intact) cells in biosensor research is the problem of achieving selective transduction of a specific biochemical event or process within the context of this complex cellular chemistry [357], [370], [373], [374], [386] (Fig. 87).…”

Section: Whole-cell Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, this opens the way to analytes that are converted to electrochemically detectable products not by simple enzyme reactions, but rather by complex multienzyme reactions within an intact biological structure. Analytes subject to such receptor systems include chloroaromatics, caprolactam, naphthalene, tryptophan, several hormones, and acetic acid [354], [370].…”

Section: Enzyme Sequences Operating In Parallelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chemical and Biochemical Sensors

Cammann¹,

Roß²,

Katerkamp³

et al. 2001

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction to the Field of Sensors and Actuators 2. Chemical Sensors 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Molecular Recognition Processes and Corresponding Selectivities 2.2.1. Catalytic Processes in Calorimetric Devices 2.2.2. Reactions at Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces Influencing Surface or Bulk Conductivities 2.2.3. Selective Ion Conductivities in Solid‐State Materials 2.2.4. Selective Adsorption ‐ Distribution and Supramolecular Chemistry at Interfaces 2.2.5. Selective Charge‐Transfer Processes at Ion‐Selective Electrodes (Potentiometry) 2.2.6. Selective Electrochemical Reactions at Working Electrodes (Voltammetry and Amperometry) 2.2.7. Molecular Recognition Processes Based on Molecular Biological Principles 2.3. Transducers for Molecular Recognition: Processes and Sensitivities 2.3.1. Electrochemical Sensors 2.3.1.1. Self‐Indicating Potentiometric Electrodes 2.3.1.2. Voltammetric and Amperometric Cells 2.3.1.3. Conductance Devices 2.3.1.4. Ion‐Selective Field‐Effect Transistors (ISFETs) 2.3.2. Optical Sensors 2.3.2.1. Fiber‐Optical Sensors 2.3.2.2. Integrated Optical Chemical and Biochemical Sensors 2.3.2.3. Surface Plasmon Resonance 2.3.2.4. Reflectometric Interference Spectroscopy 2.3.3. Mass‐Sensitive Devices 2.3.3.1. Introduction 2.3.3.2. Fundamental Principles and Basic Types of Transducers 2.3.3.3. Theoretical Background 2.3.3.4. Technical Considerations 2.3.3.5. Specific Applications 2.3.3.6. Conclusions and Outlook 2.3.4. Calorimetric Devices 2.4. Problems Associated with Chemical Sensors 2.5. Multisensor Arrays, Electronic Noses, and Tongues 3. Biochemical Sensors (Biosensors) 3.1. Definitions, General Construction, and Classification 3.2. Biocatalytic (Metabolic) Sensors 3.2.1. Monoenzyme Sensors 3.2.2. Multienzyme Sensors 3.2.3. Enzyme Sensors for Inhibitors ‐ Toxic Effect Sensors 3.2.4. Biosensors Utilizing Intact Biological Receptors 3.3. Affinity Sensors ‐ Immuno‐Probes 3.3.1. Direct‐Sensing Immuno‐Probes without Marker Molecules 3.3.2. Indirect‐Sensing Immuno‐Probes using Marker Molecules 3.4. Whole‐Cell Biosensors 3.5. Problems and Future Prospects 4. Actuators and Instrumentation 5. Future Trends and Outlook

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“…Abb. 4 zeigt ein 6-Kanal-luftsegmentiertes On-line-Analysator-System fur die Uberwachung der Konzentrationen von Phosphat, Sulfat.…”

Section: Produktion Von Antibiotika Mit Schlauchpilzen Und Streptomycunclassified