MIKADO: a smart city KPIs assessment modeling framework

Abstract

Smart decision making plays a central role for smart city governance. It exploits data analytics approaches applied to collected data, for supporting smart cities stakeholders in understanding and effectively managing a smart city. Smart governance is performed through the management of key performance indicators (KPIs), reflecting the degree of smartness and sustainability of smart cities. Even though KPIs are gaining relevance, e.g., at European level, the existing tools for their calculation are still limited. They mainly consist in dashboards and online spreadsheets that are rigid, thus making the KPIs evolution and customization a tedious and error-prone process. In this paper, we exploit model-driven engineering (MDE) techniques, through metamodel-based domain-specific languages (DSLs), to build a framework called MIKADO for the automatic assessment of KPIs over smart cities. In particular, the approach provides support for both: (i) domain experts, by the definition of a textual DSL for an intuitive KPIs modeling process and (ii) smart cities stakeholders, by the definition of graphical editors for smart cities modeling. Moreover, dynamic dashboards are generated to support an intuitive visualization and interpretation of the KPIs assessed by our KPIs evaluation engine. We provide evaluation results by showing a demonstration case as well as studying the scalability of the KPIs evaluation engine and the general usability of the approach with encouraging results. Moreover, the approach is open and extensible to further manage comparison among smart cities, simulations, and KPIs interrelations.

Analyzing Key Performance Indicators for Mobility Logistics in Smart and Sustainable Cities: A Case Study Centered on Barcelona

“…Likewise, Han and Kim [33] develop research on the smart city mobility process and how it affects other urban development areas. Studies on smart city modeling can be found in De Sanctis et al [34], which uses engineering techniques to model smart cities and KPIs to obtain an evaluation engine and an automatic visualization of indicators. Similarly, in order to facilitate decision-making, Inac and Oztemel [35] describe a city evaluation model based on the digital transformation of transportation services.…”

SCKPISec: A KPI-Guided Model-Based Approach to Realize Security by Design for Smart City Systems

“…(C) The SCKPISec Approach MIKADO [41] is the sate-of-the-art approach for smart city KPIs evaluation. Using MIKADO to evaluate KPIs consists of five phases: the analysis phase, the implementation phase, the preparation phase, the execution phase and the visualization phase.…”

“…Once crucial services, such as smart transportation, is impacted by attacks, it will cause serious losses to the social, environmental and economic aspects of the city. Smart City KPIs [37,38,[41][42][43] are important indicators for evaluating the development of smart cities, which provides an effective way to evaluate the adverse impact of attacks on smart cities.…”

“…Once crucial services, such as smart transportation, is impacted by attacks, it will cause serious losses to the social, environmental and economic aspects of the city. Smart City KPIs [37,38,[41][42][43] are important indicators for evaluating the development of smart cities, which provides an effective way to evaluate the adverse impact of attacks on smart cities. The origin of KPIs is in business administration, where KPIs are quantifiable metrics that can be measured to evaluate the performance of a business in the context of achieving its goals and objectives [43].…”

“…Nowadays, the use of KPIs has been extended from the business community to the government management department, where KPIs are used to evaluate the intelligence degree and sustainability of smart cities in multiple dimensions in the planning and management of smart city projects [43]. At present, there have been many research studies [37,38,[41][42][43] using smart city KPIs to quantitatively evaluate the development of smart cities. Although there is no unified standard for smart city KPIs, many organizations and institutions have released a series of smart city KPIs.…”