MiGrror: Mitigating Downtime in Mobile Edge Computing, An Extension to Live Migration

Rezazadeh, Arshin; Abednezhad, Davood; Lutfiyya, Hanan

doi:10.1016/j.procs.2022.07.008

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…This is the author's version which has not been fully edited and content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3342190 time [23]. Figure 2 shows the pre-copy iterations and related symbols.…”

Section: A Pre-copy Live Migration Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hand-off is a migration component [15] that is triggered when a device disconnects from the access point (AP) of an edge node and connects to another node's AP on the same network infrastructure. Downtime occurs when a VM or container is unavailable during migration while a device is handed off from one edge node to the next [23]. Downtime caused by VM/container migrations lies in the range of seconds to minutes [15], [24]- [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pre-copy live migration proposed by Clark et al [34], mostly used in literature, moves data from the source to the destination in pre-determined rounds that regularly transfer changes from the source to the destination. Despite pre-copy lowering the downtime compared to the non-live migration method, the VM/containers are not synchronized (sync) immediately following a change in the memory from the source [23]. This late synchronization causes more data to be required to transfer after hand-off and, consequently, high downtime and migration time for delay-sensitive applications [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite pre-copy lowering the downtime compared to the non-live migration method, the VM/containers are not synchronized (sync) immediately following a change in the memory from the source [23]. This late synchronization causes more data to be required to transfer after hand-off and, consequently, high downtime and migration time for delay-sensitive applications [23]. Some or all application components of intelligent transportation, virtual reality, healthcare, augmented reality, and online gaming requires ultra-low latency for data processing and communication [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some or all application components of intelligent transportation, virtual reality, healthcare, augmented reality, and online gaming requires ultra-low latency for data processing and communication [35]. The stated end-to-end response is difficult to achieve with the pre-copy method which led Rezazadeh et al [23] to propose the MiGrror migration technique for faster synchronization between source and destination, which results in less data transmitted during hand-off and, consequently, less migration time and downtime compared to the pre-copy method. The MiGrror technique mirrors memory from the source to the destination in the same way that mirroring is used in wide-area network servers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Multi-Microservice Migration Modeling, Comparison, and Potential in 5G/6G Mobile Edge Computing: A Non-Average Parameter Values Approach

Rezazadeh,

Lutfiyya

2023

IEEE Access

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Cloud, fog, and edge computing integration with future mobile Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and related applications in 5G/6G networks will become more practical in the coming years. Containers became the de facto virtualization technique that replaced Virtual Memory (VM). Mobile IoT applications, e.g., intelligent transportation and augmented reality, incorporating fog-edge, have increased the demand for a millisecond-scale response and processing time. Edge Computing reduces remote network traffic and latency. These services must run on edge nodes that are physically close to devices. However, classical migration techniques may not meet the requirements of future mission-critical IoT applications. IoT mobile devices have limited resources for running multiple services, and client-server latency worsens when fog-edge services must migrate to maintain proximity in light of device mobility. This study analyzes the performance of the MiGrror migration method and the pre-copy live migration method when the migration of heterogeneous multiple VMs/containers is considered. This paper presents mathematical models for the stated methods and provides migration guidelines and comparisons for services to be implemented as multiple containers, as in microservice-based environments. Experiments demonstrate that MiGrror outperforms the pre-copy technique and, unlike conventional live migrations, can maintain less than 10 milliseconds of downtime and reduce migration time with a minimal bandwidth overhead. The results show that MiGrror can improve service continuity and availability for users. Most significant is that the model can use average and non-average values for different parameters during migration to achieve improved and more accurate results, while other research typically only uses average values. This paper shows that using only average parameter values in migration can lead to inaccurate results.

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Section: A Pre-copy Live Migration Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%