Migratory orientation and vertical movements of homing adult sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, in coastal waters

Quinn, Thomas P.; Terhart, B.A.; Groot, C. J. De

doi:10.1016/0003-3472(89)90038-9

Cited by 82 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Previous telemetry studies in other areas generally indicated that Chinook swam deeper in the water column than Sockeye when studies contrasted depth of migration, and generally moved more slowly (the latter possibly due in at least some studies to tagged Chinook being sexually immature and not undertaking strongly directed homing migrations) [20][21][22][23][24][25]. Drenner et al [26] summarized much of the telemetry literature by noting that '…vertical position in the water column in coastal areas can vary among species and even within species between relatively short distances on continental shelves' and noting that Sockeye '… choose different depths when swimming in well mixed versus stratified coastal waters' , and that '… several species continue to exhibit diel vertical movement patterns during this (that is, the adult) portion of their life'.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration behavior of maturing sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) and Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) in Cook Inlet, Alaska, and implications for management

2014

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Background: Worsening recruitment of Alaskan Chinook salmon over the past decade has created major conservation problems. In Cook Inlet, lucrative Sockeye salmon fisheries are severely limited because of Chinook bycatch, restricting economic opportunity and creating political conflict between user groups. Although Chinook are thought to migrate at deeper depths than other salmon during the marine phase, an inability to quantify the depth difference has prevented regulatory changes to protect Chinook while allowing Sockeye fisheries to operate. Results: Using a purpose-built acoustic telemetry array, we found that Chinook salmon repeatedly 'patrolled' back and forth in the nearshore fishing area for multiple weeks before river entry (a previously unrecognized behavior) while Sockeye salmon rapidly crossed the area to enter the river. Both species substantially increased migrations speeds at river entry. Migration speeds then progressively dropped, returning to baseline levels about 14 km upstream of the river mouth. Clear differences in the median depth of marine migration of Chinook (4.8 m) and Sockeye (1.8 m) were evident, enabling us to quantify the potential trade-off between reducing Sockeye harvest and increasing Chinook protection from using shallower gillnets in the commercial fishery. Based on the 16,608 depth measurements collected for Chinook and 3,389 measurements for Sockeye, reducing the vertical depth of surface-hung gillnets to one-half of current maximum depth would potentially reduce the Chinook interception rate by nearly two-thirds, while reducing Sockeye harvests by one-quarter. Alternatively, if commercial fishers were fully compensated for the reduced area of netting by allowing exactly compensatory increases in net length, Sockeye catches could potentially increase to 200% to 300% of current levels, but Chinook interceptions would remain similar to current levels despite reductions in net depth. Identifying an intermediate strategy between these two extremes could provide a 'win-win' solution rather than the current zero-sum game between deeply opposed stake-holders. Conclusions: Biotelemetry enabled rapid collection of very large numbers of depth measurements despite relatively few adults being tagged. The collected data have already been used to implement some of the first regulatory changes in the fishery in more than a decade and have identified a potential avenue for political accommodation between opposing user groups.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration behavior of maturing sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) and Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) in Cook Inlet, Alaska, and implications for management

2014

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“…Steelhead, coho, pink, chum, and sockeye salmon in the North Pacific Ocean in spring and summer were surface-oriented at night and deeper during the day [35,36], contrasting with the DAPs by subadult Chinook salmon we documented in those seasons. In interior marine waters between Vancouver Island and the British Columbia mainland, adult sockeye salmon homing to the Fraser River in summer were documented swimming in shallower water at night and deeper water during the day [37]. A subsequent study on sockeye salmon in that same area reported different diel patterns in the two study years [38], revealing the need to continue investigating the complexities of movement behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting vertical movement behavior with holistic examination of depth distribution: a novel method reveals cryptic diel activity patterns of Chinook salmon in the Salish Sea

2017

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Aquatic organisms exhibit a variety of diel changes in vertical movement that are investigable through the use of biotelemetry. While certain species do not change their movements between day and night, others exhibit diel vertical migration (DVM) or a diverse range of diel activity patterns (DAPs). Consequently, day-night differences in depth distribution may be stark and easily detectable, or more subtle and difficult to identify. To augment the discovery and classification of cryptic diel vertical movement behavior, we developed and utilized a novel method that analyzed entire depth distributions while comparing diel period, season, and season/diel period models. This analysis revealed a seasonally variable DAP previously unreported in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). In summer and fall, Chinook salmon in the Salish Sea juxtaposed shallow and confined daytime movements with nighttime bounce diving. This DAP was reversed in winter, when they occupied deeper sections of the water column during the day, resulting in a substantially overlapping, but more even depth distribution than at night. These results demonstrate the analytical utility of accompanying other metrics with holistic examination and visualization of the entire distribution of depth data. Additionally, we highlight the need to use a framework that answers all of the following questions: (1) does the target species exhibit seasonal variation in depth, (2) does it undergo DVM, (3) if it does not undergo DVM, does it follow a DAP, and (4) if it follows a DAP, what is the difference in vertical movement behavior between diel periods?

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“…The cues used to return to their natal site in the ocean may differ from those in the river, although the mechanisms of oceanic migration have not been determined. The mechanisms of migration in coastal water may involve elements of oceanic and riverine phases (Quinn et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Behavior of salmon at coast was studied mainly in atlantic and sockeye salmons (Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus nerka) (Stasko et al, 1976;Døving et al, 1985;Quinn, 1988;Quinn et al, 1989;Ruggerone et al, 1990). These reports indicated that homing salmon generally preferred shallow water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro Data Logger Analyses of Homing Behavior of Chum Salmon in Ishikari Bay

et al. 2000

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Migratory orientation and vertical movements of homing adult sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, in coastal waters

Cited by 82 publications

References 17 publications

Migration behavior of maturing sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) and Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) in Cook Inlet, Alaska, and implications for management

Migration behavior of maturing sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) and Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) in Cook Inlet, Alaska, and implications for management

Interpreting vertical movement behavior with holistic examination of depth distribution: a novel method reveals cryptic diel activity patterns of Chinook salmon in the Salish Sea

Micro Data Logger Analyses of Homing Behavior of Chum Salmon in Ishikari Bay

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