Migration to Europe since 1945: Its History and its Lessons

Migration and Immigrants in Europe: A Historical and Demographic Perspective

“…The crisis gave impetus to economic restructuring, sharply reducing the need for labour (Boyle, Halfacree & Robinson 1998 (Castles et al 2014 ;Hansen 2003 ). After all, family reunifi cation of migrant workers was considered a fundamental right, anchored in article 19 of the European Social Charter of 1961.…”

Western European Immigration Policy: Implications and Lessons for Russia

“…So, the very presence of migrants is seen as a destabilizing factor: there is strengthening of interethnic and religious conflicts in society (Hansen, 2003). At the same time, some believe that the influx of foreign labor accelerates the development and reducing the costs of infrastructure modernization for the economy of host countries.…”

Cultural Networks and Social Inclusion of Migrants in Europe: Heritage, ICT, and Participatory Governance

“…Fuelled by the needs of post-war growing economies, mass labour migration between 1950s and 1970s (Hansen 2003) was followed in the 1980s-late 2000 by immigration into Southern Europe, new East-West migration flows and migration from Africa and the Middle East (2010-today). The recent crisis of refugees and migrant from Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, Serbia, Kosovo, Eritrea and other African states fleeing wars, torture and famine resulted in 'more than 1 820 000 detections of illegal border-crossing along the external borders' in 2015 (Frontex, 2016, 6).…”