Migration status, physical limitations and associated self-rated health: a study of older Indian adults

Abstract

Background Migrant status with mobility impairment becomes a double burden for health and wellbeing of older adults. This study examined the independent relationships and multitude effects between migrant status, functional and mobility impairments and poor self-rated health (SRH) among older Indian adults. Methods This study utilised nationally representative Longitudinal Ageing Study in India wave-1 (LASI) data, including a sample of 30,736 individuals aged 60 years and above. The main explanatory variables were migrant status, difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL), difficulty in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and mobility impairments; and the outcome variable was poor-SRH. Multivariable logistic regression and stratified analyses were used to fulfil the study objectives. Results Overall, about 23% of older adults reported poor-SRH. Reporting poor-SRH was more prevalent (28.03%) among recent migrants (less than ten years). The prevalence of reporting poor-SRH was significantly higher among older adults who had mobility impairment (28.65%), difficulty in ADL or IADL (40.82% & 32.57%). Migrant older adults (regardless of duration) who had mobility impairment had significantly greater odds of reporting poor-SRH compared with non-migrant older adults who did not have mobility impairment. Similarly, older respondents who had problems in ADL and IADL with migration status had higher odds of reporting poor-SRH than their non-migrant counterparts with no such problems. Conclusions The study revealed the vulnerability of migrant older adults with functional and mobility disability, as well as those with limited socioeconomic resources and suffering from multimorbidity on rating their perceived health. The findings can be utilised to target outreach programmes and provision of services for migrating older individuals with mobility impairments and enhance their perceived health and ensure active ageing.

A Holistic Approach to Cognitive Frailty in Community-dwelling Older Adults in India: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Survey

“…Mobility impairment was assessed based on various activities, such as (a) walking 100 yards, (b) sitting for 2 hours or more, (c) getting up from a chair after sitting for a long period, (d) climbing one flight of stairs without resting, (e) stooping, kneeling or crouching, (f) reaching or extending arms above shoulder level, (g) pulling or pushing large objects, lifting or carrying weights over 5 kilos like a heavy bag of groceries, and (h) picking up a coin from a table. The responses for these questions were recorded as ‘no’ or ‘yes.’ The scale was summed up and recoded into a dichotomous measure as ‘No’ for no mobility difficulty and ‘Yes’ otherwise [49].…”

Decomposing the rural–urban differences in depression among multimorbid older patients in India: evidence from a cross-sectional study

“…The “other” caste category is identified as those having higher social standings [ 35 ] Scheduled Tribes (ST) Other backward classes (OBC) Others Health and behavioural factors ADL disability Yes In the individual schedule, ADL consists of difficulties with six activities related to dressing which include putting on chappals or shoes, walking across a room, difficulties in bathing, eating, getting in or out of bed, and using the toilet, including getting up and down . Further, combining these six ADLs into one variable, we constructed a variable coded as "no ADL" if the respondent faced no difficulty in performing any ADLs and "yes" if respondents faced any difficulty in performing any ADL [ 15 , 32 , 36 ] No IADL disability Yes IADL consisted of seven difficulties related to instrumental activities such as difficulty in preparing a hot meal (cooking and serving), shopping for groceries, making telephone calls, taking medications, doing work around the house or garden, managing money, such as paying bills and keeping track of expenses and getting around or finding address in an unfamiliar place . IADLs were also recoded as "no IADL" if the respondent faced no difficulty in performing any IADLs and "yes" if respondents having any difficulty in performing any IADL [ 15 , 32 , 36 ] No Self-rated health Very Self-rated health was measured on the basis of one question, which was, overall, how is your health in general ?…”

“…Further, combining these six ADLs into one variable, we constructed a variable coded as "no ADL" if the respondent faced no difficulty in performing any ADLs and "yes" if respondents faced any difficulty in performing any ADL [ 15 , 32 , 36 ] No IADL disability Yes IADL consisted of seven difficulties related to instrumental activities such as difficulty in preparing a hot meal (cooking and serving), shopping for groceries, making telephone calls, taking medications, doing work around the house or garden, managing money, such as paying bills and keeping track of expenses and getting around or finding address in an unfamiliar place . IADLs were also recoded as "no IADL" if the respondent faced no difficulty in performing any IADLs and "yes" if respondents having any difficulty in performing any IADL [ 15 , 32 , 36 ] No Self-rated health Very Self-rated health was measured on the basis of one question, which was, overall, how is your health in general ? which includes five categories for responses, i.e., "Very poor," "Poor," "Fair," "Good," and "Very good" [ 26 , 32 , 36 , 37 ] Poor Fair Good Very good Pain Yes In order to define pain, participants were asked, " Are you often troubled with pain ?"…”

“…IADLs were also recoded as "no IADL" if the respondent faced no difficulty in performing any IADLs and "yes" if respondents having any difficulty in performing any IADL [ 15 , 32 , 36 ] No Self-rated health Very Self-rated health was measured on the basis of one question, which was, overall, how is your health in general ? which includes five categories for responses, i.e., "Very poor," "Poor," "Fair," "Good," and "Very good" [ 26 , 32 , 36 , 37 ] Poor Fair Good Very good Pain Yes In order to define pain, participants were asked, " Are you often troubled with pain ?" then it was coded as "no" and "yes" [ 15 ] No Body Mass Index Underweight The study focused on assessing the body mass index (BMI), which is a measure of weight in relation to height, among elderly participants.…”

Comparison of Modified K‐wire Fixation with Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) for Unstable Colles Fracture in Elderly Patients

“…There is still controversy about the age definition of elderly people, Mandal et al 18 and Bagheri et al 19 indicate older individuals means aged 60 years and above. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, elderly people refer to ages 65 and older.…”