Migration of vascular plants to secondary woodlands in southern Sweden

Brunet, Jörg; Oheimb, Goddert von

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00269.x

Cited by 297 publications

(349 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…As most of these species readily colonize adjacent plantations (Brunet & von Oheimb 1998a;Bossuyt, Hermy & Deckers 1999), it may be concluded that dispersal limitation is more important than both seed limitation and establishment limitation in the fragmented part of the study area.…”

Section: Spatial Isolation and Dispersal Modementioning

confidence: 99%

Plant colonization in heterogeneous landscapes: an 80‐year perspective on restoration of broadleaved forest vegetation

Brunet

2007

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary1. Afforestation of agricultural land has become an important issue in Europe during the past two decades. In particular, broadleaf plantations have been promoted as multifunctional forests for biodiversity, timber production and recreation. The aim of this study was to analyse how the colonization of ground-layer plants in recently planted woodlands is affected by stand age, spatial isolation, former land-use type and canopy species. 2. Colonization was studied in 50 plantations of pedunculate oak Quercus robur and 16 plantations of European sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus on former arable land and open pastures in the Torup-Skabersjö area of southern Sweden. Twelve oak plantations and 10 sycamore plantations on ancient woodland sites were used as reference areas. 3. Woodland species richness increased continuously with stand age in plantations contiguous with ancient woodland. The oldest plantations (70 -80 years) approached the species richness of ancient oak woodland. Species richness decreased with increasing distance from ancient woodlands, and there was no significant increase in species richness between stands aged 20 and 80 years in isolated plantations. Most species that regularly colonized isolated plantations had adhesive seeds or small, wind-dispersed diaspores. 4. Ordination analysis showed clear differentiation between former land-use categories and spatiotemporal stand categories (recently isolated, recently contiguous and ancient). No consistent differences were found in vegetation patterns in oak and sycamore stands. Woodland species richness was similar on former arable land and open pastures. Pasture plantations were characterized by the presence of more acid-tolerant species, whereas the frequency of some acid-sensitive species was higher on former fields. 5. Synthesis and applications. This study demonstrates that new woodland should build out from cores of ancient woodland for optimal ground vegetation development. A species-rich ground vegetation can be achieved by spontaneous colonization within 70-80 years when plantations are contiguous with ancient woods. Formerly cultivated soils are generally well suited for understorey plants of forests on base-rich loamy soils as long as closed canopy conditions are maintained. However, many typical forest species are not able to disperse across open fields and their establishment in isolated stands will require sowing or planting.

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Section: Spatial Isolation and Dispersal Modementioning

confidence: 99%

Plant colonization in heterogeneous landscapes: an 80‐year perspective on restoration of broadleaved forest vegetation

Brunet

2007

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…Empirical observations and models strongly support the hypothesis that many herbs are slow or unable to recolonize suitable habitat due to constraints associated with dispersal mode, clonal expansion, diaspore production or habitat isolation. Wind-and vertebrate-dispersed species tend to have higher migration rates than species dispersed by ants and those that lack morphological adaptations for dispersal (Dzwonko & Loster 1992;Matlack 1994;Brunet & von Oheimb 1998), and are consequently more abundant in altered stands. Similarly, species with rapid clonal expansion and large numbers of seeds tend to be more frequent in altered stands (Eriksson 1995;Singleton et al 2001;Mabry 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…regulating the composition of reforested stands (Matlack 1994;Brunet & von Oheimb 1998;Verheyen et al 2003). Sowing and transplant experiments have also demonstrated that the absence of many species is caused by seed limitation (Eriksson & Ehrlen 1992;Turnbull et aE.…”

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confidence: 99%

Previous land use alters plant allocation and growth in forest herbs

Fraterrigo¹,

Turner²,

Pearson³

2005

J Ecology

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Summary1 Former human practices can persistently influence forest ecosystems, particularly by altering the distribution and abundance of vegetation. Previous research has focused on the role of colonization success in governing plant community patterns in abandoned forests, but few studies have explored how changes in the performance of adult plants may contribute to changes in plant populations. 2 We examined patterns of biomass allocation and growth of 12 herbaceous plant species in southern Appalachian forest stands that have developed after agricultural abandonment or logging at least 55 years ago, to determine whether plant performance varied with land-use history. Soil nutrient availability and canopy closure were also investigated. 3 Adult plant biomass allocation varied appreciably among stands with different histories. Herbs in farmed stands generally allocated the most to leaves and the least to stems, while reference stands showed the opposite pattern. Plants in previously farmed sites had the highest rate of growth, although we observed considerable interspecific variation in plant performance. Stem allocation and relative growth rate were positively correlated in reference stands, but not in farmed or logged stands. Similarly, the growth of plants was clearly associated with soil nutrient concentration in reference stands but not in farmed or logged stands. 4 Differences in understorey density and soil nutrient availability may account for the observed patterns. Total herbaceous cover was appreciably lower in farmed and logged stands (58% and 51%) than in reference stands (78%), and soil phosphorus was higher in farmed stands than in logged and reference stands. Thus, competition for light and nutrients may be lower in farmed and logged stands than in reference stands, despite there being no difference in canopy closure with land-use history. 5 Overall, these results suggest that land-use history may influence environmental variables in ways that can enhance the performance of some herbaceous species. However, not all species may respond similarly to these changes.

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“…All of the studies that have dealt with the recovery of the herb layer species in forests of a post-agricultural origin (Brunet and von Oheimb 1998;Bossuyt et al 1999;Dzwonko 2001;Orczewska 2009a;2011) followed the procedure proposed by Matlack (1994). This was also implemented in our studies.…”

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lack of a seed bank combined with a poor dispersal potential of many woodland herbs (almost 1/3 of woodland species are either baro-, auto-or myrmecochores) ) are responsible for their limited distribution outside the forests that have had a long and continuous existence in the landscape (the so-called ancient forests and ancient forest species sensu Peterken 1974Peterken , 1977. Consequently, species with such characteristics are slow in colonising new sites because of a dispersal limitation mechanism that was reported by Peterken and Game (1984); Brunet and von Oheimb (1998), Bossuyt et al (1999);Dzwonko (2001), Orczewska (2009aOrczewska ( , 2011 and others. In other words, the ability of woodland species to migrate outside a forest habitat is very limited and highly dependent on the distance from a mature forest with abundant populations of woodland species to an available new site that is to be colonised.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of the herbaceous layer in the young silver birch and black alder stands that developed spontaneously after a forest fire

Orczewska

Prukop

Strzelczyk

2015

Ecological Research

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The studies, which were conducted in southern Poland, focused on the recovery of the herb layer in 17-year-old post-fire silver birch and black alder forests. Although both types of stands, which are of the same age, developed spontaneously, the alder stands occupied damper sites (with thicker A horizons that survived the fire) than those in the birch forests. We surveyed the migration rates of 44 woodland species, primarily ancient woodland indicators, into both forests and the potential differences in these rates depending on their moisture regime and the community type represented by unburned forests, which were treated as the source of the woodland species pool. Additionally, the role of local depressions with high humidity that were covered by post-fire alder woods in the colonization process, as well as species survivorship and recolonisation, were estimated. Woodland species showed diverse migration paces among the sites; most of them migrated faster on more fertile sites with a higher humidity. Small patches of post-fire alder woods contributed to the recolonisation process since many woodland species in the herb layer survived the fire due to its high humidity, which inhibited the intensity of the forest fire. The recovery of woodland species in post-fire woods is the combined effect of regeneration, which relies on autochthonic propagules, and secondary succession, which is based on allochthonic propagules. Local depressions, which provide refuges for fire-sensitive, dispersal-limited species, contribute to their survivorship and thus to the successive recovery of herbaceous layers after a fire.

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Migration of vascular plants to secondary woodlands in southern Sweden

Cited by 297 publications

References 36 publications

Plant colonization in heterogeneous landscapes: an 80‐year perspective on restoration of broadleaved forest vegetation

Plant colonization in heterogeneous landscapes: an 80‐year perspective on restoration of broadleaved forest vegetation

Previous land use alters plant allocation and growth in forest herbs

Recovery of the herbaceous layer in the young silver birch and black alder stands that developed spontaneously after a forest fire

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