Migration of Triturus viridescens

Stein, Kathryn F.

doi:10.2307/1435697

Cited by 13 publications

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“…Efts are not common in forests of the study area, so that sampling transects have produced too few efts to statistically demonstrate clumped distributions. Ponds located at the heads of runs and hollows or in saddles between 2 ridges do not appear to have consistently higher immigration rates than ponds located on mountain crests or ridge-tops, as would be expected from the reports that migratory routes of newts and efts tend to follow streams and brooks (Stein 1938;Hurlbert 1969.…”

Section: My Metapopulation Model Supposes That the Newt Is Basically mentioning

confidence: 55%

The Metapopulation Ecology of the Red‐Spotted Newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (Rafinesque)

Gill¹

1978

Ecological Monographs

366

257

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Ecological Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Ecological Monographs.Abstract. The population dynamics and ecology of the red-spotted newt were studied from 1974 to the present in a series of mountain ponds in the Shenandoah Mountains, Virginia. Adult and juvenile newts were censused using a combination of methods, including drift fences and dip-netting. A technique of individual recognition was developed utilizing the number and pattern of dorsal red spots. Assisted by a simple system of toeclips, designating pond and year of first capture, these methods provided records of age, survival, and movements of >8,500 individuals.The results revealed 2 migratory peaks of adults each year: a breeding migration to ponds in March, and an August-September emigration to terrestrial hibernacula. Breeding population size, ranging from 6 to >2,600 adults per pond was stationary during the study but was significantly correlated with pond age. Annual turnover of breeding populations to new adults exceeded 50%. Sex ratios were consistently 2 6 6: I 9 in the breeding populations but tended toward 1:1 in the cohorts of new recruits. Annual adult 9 survival was density dependent and significantly less than that of 6 6 . The average 9 expected to breed only 1.3 times, whereas 6 6 had an expectancy of 1.9 breeding seasons. Faithfully homing to the same pond year after year, adults never migrated to new ponds between breeding seasons.Juvenile production at most ponds was poor over the 3 yr. Only I pond had a reproductive output consistently above a calculated replacement rate. It is inferred from the combination of poor reproduction and high immigration rates that breeding adults were not replaced by their own progeny but rather by foreign-born individuals.The red-spotted newt is basically a colonizing species responding to pond habitats that rapidly shift in time and space. It is suggested that beaver ponds have the necessary attributes of small size and temporal instability to which the life-history patterns of newts seems adapted. The majority of ponds in this area functioned as reproductive sinks in a larger, metapopulational structure. Adults in such ponds were reproductive failures for most of their lives. Only a small number of adults accounted for the regional reproduction in 1974 and 1975, but I very populous pond produced >91% of the young in 1976. Because reproductive success is pond dependent, interdemal selection may play an important role in newt evolution. It is hypothesized that homing behavior evolved as a consequence of natural selection within metapopulation centers and that the eft stage is the mechanism of dispersability to new...

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Section: My Metapopulation Model Supposes That the Newt Is Basically mentioning

confidence: 55%

The Metapopulation Ecology of the Red‐Spotted Newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (Rafinesque)

Gill¹

1978

Ecological Monographs

366

257

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“…Certain directions were favored over others. Unlike in other studies that relate corridors to physical features of the local environment (Stein 1938;Hurlbert 1969;Healy 1975;Hershey & Forester 1980), there are no obvious topographic cues surrounding Breezeway Pond to funnel migrating amphibians toward or away from the pond basin. Hence, it seems likely that the newts and frogs moved directly toward the pond from their nonbreeding habitats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Movement Patterns and the Conservation of Amphibians Breeding in Small, Temporary Wetlands

Dodd¹,

Cade

1998

Conservation Biology

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Many amphibians breed in water but live most of their lives in terrestrial habitats. Little is known, however, about the spatial distribution of these habitats or of the distances and directions amphibians move to reach breeding sites. The amphibian community at a small, temporary pond in northcentral Florida was monitored for 5 years. Based on captures and recaptures of more than 2500 striped newts ( Notophthalmus perstriatus ) and 5700 eastern narrow-mouthed toads ( Gastrophryne carolinensis ), we tabulated the angles of orientation that these amphibians entered and exited the pond basin. Our results showed that movements of these species between the pond and terrestrial habitats were nonrandom in orientation, but that narrow corridors did not appear to be used. Differences between the species likely reflect differences in habitat preferences, whereas intraspecific differences among years and between the sexes likely reflect variation among individuals. For terrestrial buffer zones to be effective at conserving pond-breeding amphibian communities, they need both a distance and a directional component. The determination of a directional component may be obscured if studies are carried out over a short time span. Conservation efforts for wetland-breeding amphibians that concentrate solely on the wetland likely will fail without consideration of the adjacent terrestrial habitat. Patrones de Movimiento y Conservación de Anfibios en Humedales de Temporal PequeñosResumen: Muchos anfibios se reproducen en el agua pero viven la mayor parte de sus vidas en hábitats terrestres. Sin embargo, poco se conoce sobre la distribución espacial de estos hábitats o de las distancias y direcciones en las que se mueven los anfibios para llegar a sus sitios de reproducción. La comunidad de anfibios en estanques temporales pequeños en Florida nor-central ha sido monitoreada por 5 años. En base a capturas y recapturas de mas de 2500 tritones rayados ( Notophthalmus perstriatus ) y 5700 sapos de boca chica del este ( Gastrophryne carolinensis ), tabulamos los ángulos de orientación en que estos anfibios entraron y salieron de la cuenca del estanque. Nuestros resultados muestran que los movimientos de estas especies entre el estanque y los hábitats terrestres no tuvieron una orientación azarosa, pero los corredores angostos aparentemente no son utilizados. Diferencias entre las especies parecen reflejar diferencias en las preferencias de hábitat, mientras que diferencias intraespecíficas entre años y entre sexos parece reflejar variación entre individuos. Para que las zonas terrestres de amortiguamiento sean efectivas en la conservación de comunidades de reproductores de anfibios, necesitan tener como componentes una distancia y orientación. La determinación del compopente direccional puede ser obscurecido si los estudios se llevan a cabo en un periodo de tiempo corto. Los esfuerzos conservacionistas para anfibios de reproducción en humedales tenderán a fallar si se concentran únicamente en el humedal sin tomor en consideración el hábita...

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“…3 The simplest hypothesis is that amphibia are brought into a suitable physiological state by internal or external environmental factors, and as a result are stimulated to wander at random. Maynard 1934;Savage 1935;Stein 1938;Eibl-Eibesfeldt 1950;Carpenter and Delzell 1951), as do the experiments of Twitty (1959) on Taricha rivularis and Oldham (1966) on Bufo arericanus. Several workers (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Orienting Mechanisms of the Green Frog, Rana Clamitans

Oldham¹

1967

Ecology

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Rana Clamitans was studied in Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada, in an attempt to determine how it locates its breeding site. Frogs congregated in specific areas of marshes during the breeding season, some moving in from 500 yards. Most individuals showed strong fidelity to particular breeding sites and even to particular locations within each site, both within one season and from year to year. When translocated up to 600 yards from their home location, frogs did not move at random but showed a marked tendency to move in the direction of home. Experiments showed that this homing response was significantly reduced in the absence of olfactory cues, but was not impaired by the absence of vocal, hygrotactic, geotacti, or visual stimuli. If individuals were translocated to a foreign site, more than 2 miles from the home location, their behavior depended upon the site of release. Those placed into a foreign pool remained there and within 1 or 2 days of introduction showed a fidelity to the pool similar to that of the natives. Those placed on land, however, did not locate the nearest site efficiently. Unlike natives released in the same situation, most tended to move downhill, or in the absence of a topographic gradient, about 30% of the population oriented towards the closest conspecific chorus. Apparently the foreigners were displaced too far to utilize cues from the home site. Being unfamiliar with the local olfactory stimuli they responded to secondary cues and could not effectively locate the nearest site. Frogs were evidently familiar with certain characteristics of a pool or breeding site and probably used this familiarity annually in orienting to the site. Olfactory characteristics were probably of primary importance to fidelity and orientation.

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Migration of Triturus viridescens

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

The Metapopulation Ecology of the Red‐Spotted Newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (Rafinesque)

The Metapopulation Ecology of the Red‐Spotted Newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (Rafinesque)

Movement Patterns and the Conservation of Amphibians Breeding in Small, Temporary Wetlands

Orienting Mechanisms of the Green Frog, Rana Clamitans

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