Migration of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil induced by percolating water

Tucker, E. S.; Litschgi, W. J.; Mees, W. M.

doi:10.1007/bf01684869

Cited by 30 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The octanol-water partition coefficients of PCBs (log A^,) range from 4.5 for monochloro-up to 8.1 for octachlorobiphenyls (31) and are inversely related to their water solubilities (52). Correspond ingly, laboratory experiments have shown a distinct inverse relation between the degree of chlorination and mobility in sediments (33) and soil (34). An additional retardation of the more hydrophobic congeners might be attributed to the partly irreversible nature of their sorption onto soil material (35).…”

Section: Total Contents Of Las and Pcbmentioning

confidence: 98%

Linear Alkylbenzenesulfonates and Polychlorinated Biphenyls as Indicators of Accumulation, Biodegradation, and Transport Processes in Sewage Farm Soils

Reemtsma

Savric

Hartig

et al. 1997

ACS Symposium Series

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A comparative study was conducted on the concentrations and compositions of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and linear alkyl benzenesulfonates (LAS) in two former sewage farms to obtain insights into the history of operation and post-depositional processes having affected the sewage-derived organics accumulated in the soils over the last decades. Total concentrations in the surface soils are in the range of 1 -6 μg g -1 for PCB and 0.1 -4 μg g -1 for LAS. Differences in the intensity of sewage discharge between the two sites are recorded in the total contents of PCB and LAS, while different qualities of wastewater treatment prior to disposal are visible in the PCB composition and the LAS homologs distribution of the surface soils. Alterations in the homolog composition of LAS in depth profiles reflect desorption and sorption processes during downward transport through the unsaturated zone, while the largely unaltered isomeric composition might suggest that LAS were not degraded in the soil column.Sewage farms were installed as an alternative to wastewater treatment plants by the City of Berlin in the second half of the 19th century. The infiltration basins were flooded with settled wastewater up to six times a year (i), and the water itself as well as the organic matter and dissolved nutrients of the wastewater were used for tillage. Sewage farming reached its largest expansion in the early 1920s with up to 110 x 10 6 m 2 of farm land and an average amount of 700,000 m 3 sewage d" 1 treated at the farms. Since the 1920s the sewage farms were successively closed down and only a very few sewage farms are still in use.During their time of operation the sewage farm soils accumulated nutrients and heavy metals (2) as well as organic wastewater constituents such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) (5) and large

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Section: Total Contents Of Las and Pcbmentioning

confidence: 98%

Linear Alkylbenzenesulfonates and Polychlorinated Biphenyls as Indicators of Accumulation, Biodegradation, and Transport Processes in Sewage Farm Soils

Reemtsma

Savric

Hartig

et al. 1997

ACS Symposium Series

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“…A laboratory study showed that the transport of PCBs into lake sediments due to retarded diffusion was no deeper than 1.5 cm (Formica et al, 1988). Tucker et al (1975) studied PCB transport by percolating water through soil columns and found that less than 0.05% of PCBs were leached from the soil during the experimental period.…”

Section: Mobility Of Pcbs In Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disappearance and crop uptake of PCBs from sludge‐amended farmland

Gan¹,

Berthouex²

1994

Water Environment Research

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The Madison Metropolitan Sewerage District (MMSD) has conducted a five-year (1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990) field experiment to obtain data that provide a scientific basis for regulating land disposal of sludge con taminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Over 1 400 samples of soil and crop tissue were analyzed. This paper presents all the field data and interpretation. The experimental design included eight different sludge treatments and controls, making it possible to study the effects of sludge concentration, sludge loading rate, and sludge application pat tern on the fate of PCBs in the soil system. Each treatment was replicated three times, giving thirty test plots in all (24 sludge applications and 6 control plots). Seventy-nine PCB congeners were detected during the study and the concentration of each PCB congener was measured in the surface soil, corn stover, and corn grain. Surface runoff runoff studies were conducted in 1988 and 1990 and congener-specific PCB analyses were made on these as well. A first-order disappearance model, C = C 0 exp( -Kt), was appropriate to evaluate the disappearance of PCBs from the surface soil layer. AT is the rate constant for PCB disappearance. Results indicate that the rate constant for disappearance of each individual PCB congener in the soil was independent of the initial PCB sludge concen tration, the sludge loading rate, and sludge application pattern. Most of the 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorinated PCB congeners showed significant decreases in their soil concentration with half-lives in the range of 4 to 58 months. The more highly chlorinated PCBs were more persistent in the sludge amended farmland, but many of them did disappear. The concentration of PCBs in the runoff samples was correlated with surface soil concen tration. The PCBs were associated with the runoff sediments and there was no measurable PCB in the liquid portion of the runoff. It was con cluded that there is no PCB translocation into either corn grain or corn stover samples. The bioconcentration factor for PCBs in the crop tissues is zero. Water Environ. Res., 66, 54 (1994).

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Attenuation of polychlorinated biphenyls in soils

Sklarew

Girvin

1987

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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Migration of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil induced by percolating water

Cited by 30 publications

References 4 publications

Linear Alkylbenzenesulfonates and Polychlorinated Biphenyls as Indicators of Accumulation, Biodegradation, and Transport Processes in Sewage Farm Soils

Linear Alkylbenzenesulfonates and Polychlorinated Biphenyls as Indicators of Accumulation, Biodegradation, and Transport Processes in Sewage Farm Soils

Disappearance and crop uptake of PCBs from sludge‐amended farmland

Attenuation of polychlorinated biphenyls in soils

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