Migration of phthalate and non‐phthalate plasticizers out of plasticized PVC films into air

Abstract

The aim of the present work is to provide information about the migration of phthalate and non‐phthalate plasticizers generally used in flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) applications. Plastisols (pastes) were prepared by mixing PVC, plasticizer, and thermal stabilizer. The plasticized PVC (p‐PVC) films are obtained by gelation at 160°C for 15 min. The p‐PVC films were heat treated at 50, 85, 100, 130, and 160°C up to 420 min to follow the mass loss to find out diffusivity of plasticizer out of films into air and to determine related activation energies. The films having di‐octyl terephthalate (DOTP) and di‐isononyl 1,2‐cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (DINCH) exhibited the lowest mass loss in general, among the phthalate and non‐phthalate plasticizer having p‐PVC films, respectively, as confirmed by FTIR investigation. The same tendency was observed for diffusion coefficients and for the activation energies of migration. The diffusion coefficients were found to be around 3.5 × 10−18–2.1 × 10−17 m2/sec for the studied plasticizers in PVC at 50°C and around 4.0 × 10−15–9.9 × 10−14 m2/sec at 160°C. The activation energies for 85–160°C interval were determined to be between 70 and 153 kJ/mol (0.72–1.58 eV) for the plasticizers used herein those could be treated as a homologous series as deduced from the related compensation factors. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013

Hydrophilization of outer and inner surfaces of Poly(vinyl chloride) tubes using surface dielectric barrier discharges generated in ambient air plasma

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Plasticized thermoplastic polyurethanes for dielectric elastomers with improved electromechanical actuation

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Thiol-functionalized nanogels as reactive plasticizers for crosslinked polymer networks

“…Traditionally, plasticizers are low molecular weight monomers incorporated within networks to improve the flexibility of the final network by obstructing secondary bonding between the polymer chains and altering the free volume within the polymer, thereby reducing the bulk glass transition temperature (T g ) [Carbonell-Verdu et al, 2016; Rahman and Brazel 2004]. Recently, the toxicity of commonly used plasticizers such as phthalates has raised environmental and health concerns due to their propensity to leach out into the immediate environment [Bui et al, 2016; Tuzum Demir and Ulutan 2013; Jobling et al, 1995]. Phthalates are found in high concentrations in biomaterials such as blood bags (30–50%), dialysis tubing (80%) dental adhesives and soft- denture linings (47%) and has been linked to a litany of health disorders including reproductive toxicity, genital disorders and toxicity during of fetal development [Parks et al, 2000; Jobling et al, 1995; Shea 2003; Heudorf et al, 2007].…”

“…DEHP is used in biomaterials such as dental implants and intraocular lenses (IOL)s and has been shown to adversely impact cell viability even at very low concentrations [Mendell 2007]. As plasticizer migration also results in deteriorating mechanical properties of the parent material resulting in tackiness and embrittlement of the parent matrix, the ability of the material to function optimally is compromised [Tuzum Demir and Ulutan 2013]. …”