Migration of labor: differential of income between rural and urban trade union workers in Brazil

Abstract

PurposeThe objective of this work was to analyze the income differential of the rural–urban worker in relation to the rural–rural worker and in relation to the urban–urban worker in the Brazilian labor market. Two databases were used, the 2005 and 2015 PNADs (Pesquisa Nacional Por Amostra de Domicílios).Design/methodology/approachThe methodology is the decomposition approach proposed by Firpo et al. (2007, 2009). This method adopts estimates of unconditional quantile regressions, based on the concepts of influence function and recentered influence function (RIF).FindingsAmong the main results, income differentials were shown to benefit the urban–urban worker when compared to the rural–urban worker, and income differences to the benefit of the rural–urban workers, when these were compared to the rural–rural workers. The educational variable was relevant in explaining the income disparity and expressing increasing effects in the higher quantiles.Originality/valueThe methodology used in this work is considered recent in the literature as it is based on the RIF regression (Firpo et al., 2007, 2009). The main advantage of this method is the possibility of assigning a “composition effect” and a “wage structure effect” for each variable that determines the level of income at different points of the income distribution.

Identifying, improving, and investing in national commitments to just transition: Reflections from Latin America and the Caribbean

“…A sustained commitment to employment rights and trade union membership is well established in those countries where clean energy investment is evident. This is already well established in the literature (Sulich and Sołoducho-Pelc, 2021;Nasirov et al, 2021;De Lima et al, 2020). The process of identifying areas that need improvement and investment reveal a more mixed picture than expected, as traditional forms (especially hydro) of renewable energy do not necessarily go hand in hand with positive performance on social justice measures.…”

The gender wage gap and the presence of foreign firms in Vietnam: evidence from unconditional quantile regression decomposition

“…In which, normalΔC,θtrue^ is the coefficient effect (discrimination or structural effect or returns to characteristics), and normalΔE,θtrue^ is the endowment effect (composition) (Kara, 2006; De Lima et al , 2020). The endowment effect shows that the gap is explained by characteristics such as age, married status, the number of children in their family, the years of schoolings and participation in foreign or private companies.…”