Migration, Livelihood Strategies, and Agricultural Outcomes: A Gender Study in Rural China

Tong, Yuying; Shu, Binbin; Piotrowski, Martin

doi:10.1111/ruso.12255

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Second, married women rarely migrate independently. In fact, they often migrant with their husbands [43]. Under the gender norms of a patriarchal society, immigrant women may have little influence on family decisions, such as those involving the optimal number of births.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Son Preference and the Reproductive Behavior of Rural-Urban Migrant Women of Childbearing Age in China: Empirical Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Data

Wang

Nie

Liu

2020

IJERPH

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Son preference has been shown to influence the childbearing behavior of women, especially in China. Existing research has largely focused on this issue using cross-sectional data of urban or rural populations in China, while evidence from the rural-urban migrant women is relatively limited. Based on the data of China Migrants Dynamic Survey in 2015, we used logistic regression models to explore the relationship of son preference and reproductive behavior of rural-urban migrant women in China. The results show that the son preference of migrant women is still strong, which leads women with only daughters to have significantly higher possibility of having another child and results in a higher imbalance in the sex ratio with higher parity. Migrant women giving birth to a son is a protective factor against having a second child compared to women whose first child was a girl. Similarly, the effects of the gender of the previous child on women’s progression from having two to three children showed the same result that is consistent with a preference for sons. These findings have implications for future public strategies to mitigate the son preference among migrant women and the imbalance in the sex ratio at birth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Son Preference and the Reproductive Behavior of Rural-Urban Migrant Women of Childbearing Age in China: Empirical Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Data

Wang

Nie

Liu

2020

IJERPH

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“…At the same time, there is consistent evidence that over the past decade, rural households have been diversifying their sources of income beyond agriculture, mainly through migration and the operation of small businesses locally (Liang, 2016; Tong et al, 2019). Official statistics show that agricultural income accounted for more than half (51%) of total household income in 2008, dropping to 38% in 2016, whereas off‐farm income of rural households increased from 49% to 62% (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, cited in Xu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Land Expropriation As a Local Government Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking dispossession: The livelihood consequences of land expropriation in contemporary rural China

2022

Journal of Agrarian Change

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Land expropriation is a major source of conflict in contemporary rural China. Existing research tends to frame land expropriation as ‘dispossession’—local governments expropriating land to pursue economic growth at the expense of villagers' welfare. However, systematic evidence on the livelihood impacts of land expropriation is limited, which has made assessing this interpretation difficult. This study uses nationally representative longitudinal data to examine the immediate effects of land expropriation on villagers' livelihoods as well as how they evolve over the following years. It finds that households with migrant workers saw significant socio‐economic gains after land expropriation through both increased wage income and government compensation. Households without migrant workers, on the other hand, experienced a small deterioration in their socio‐economic position as their income remained stagnant while their living costs increased. These findings cast a different light on the dispossession thesis not only because a significant portion of the rural population makes socio‐economic gains after land expropriation but also by problematizing assumptions that smallholding agriculture is necessarily the most desirable source of livelihood for villagers. Instead, it calls for attention to villagers' increasingly diversified livelihood strategies, as well as the multifaceted role of the state in the process.

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“…Fifth, labor migration can ease the credit constraints of farm households. The increase in income level and the diversification of income sources brought about by labor migration increases the probability of peasant households obtaining formal credit [40]. Labor migration plays a promoting role in building a weak relationship network that is dominated by business margins, interest margins and friendship margins to obtain more informal credit sources [41].…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Labor Migration on Farmers’ Cultivated Land Quality Protection

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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Since the reform and opening up, a large proportion of the Chinese rural labor force has transferred to urban and non-agricultural industries. Rural labor transfer not only changes the allocation of household labor in agricultural and non-agricultural sectors but also affects the utilization of other agricultural production factors. Based on data from 818 households in three counties in northern Jiangsu province, this paper analyzed the impact of labor migration on farmers' adoption of cultivated land quality protection (CLQP) behaviors. The survey results showed that farmers' awareness of CLQP was still very weak, and the proportion of farmers adopting measures such as subsoiling, straw application, cover crops and green manures and the complementary use of organic fertilizers was still relatively low. The empirical results showed that perennial out-migration for work can constrain households' protective inputs into soil conservation, but part-time farming locally can promote households' inputs. The results also showed that farmer characteristics, farming conditions and external environment also significantly affected the farmers' adoption of soil conservation practices. According to these conclusions, this paper puts forward the corresponding policy implications.

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Migration, Livelihood Strategies, and Agricultural Outcomes: A Gender Study in Rural China

Cited by 23 publications

References 72 publications

Son Preference and the Reproductive Behavior of Rural-Urban Migrant Women of Childbearing Age in China: Empirical Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Data

Son Preference and the Reproductive Behavior of Rural-Urban Migrant Women of Childbearing Age in China: Empirical Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Data

Rethinking dispossession: The livelihood consequences of land expropriation in contemporary rural China

The Effect of Labor Migration on Farmers’ Cultivated Land Quality Protection

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