Migration, labor and women’s empowerment: Evidence from an agricultural value chain in Bangladesh

Brauw, Alan de; Kramer, Berber; Murphy, Mike

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105445

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…From an intensity perspective, another month spent on off‐farm employment increases women's decision‐making power by 8.8%. The findings are consistent with previous studies (e.g., de Brauw et al, 2021; Krumbiegel, Maertens, & Wollni, 2020; Rodriguez, 2022; Yu & Cui, 2019). Second, the coefficient of smartphone use is still statistically significant and smaller than that in Table 4 (0.063 < 0.074), indicating that a part of the positive impact of smartphone use on women's decision‐making power is explained by the off‐farm employment mechanism.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The selection of control variables is drawn from existing studies on smartphone use (Min et al, 2020; Zheng & Ma, 2021), off‐farm work (de Brauw, Kramer, & Murphy, 2021; Rajkhowa & Qaim, 2022a), and women's decision‐making power (Anik & Rahman, 2020; De Brauw, Gilligan, Hoddinott, & Roy, 2014; Dohmwirth & Liu, 2020; Zheng & Lu, 2021). Specifically, we include individual characteristics, such as age, education level, and health status of wives and their husbands; household‐ and farm‐level characteristics, including family size, elderly dependency ratio, children dependency ratio, farm size, and asset ownership; and locational factors, comprising distance to credit source, distance to the bus station, and provincial dummies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smartphone use, off‐farm employment, and women's decision‐making power: Evidence from rural China

Zheng

Zhou

Rahut

2022

Review Development Economics

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Empowering women is an important goal of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, and studies have proposed various strategies to achieve this goal. However, few have examined the role of smartphone use in empowering women in decisionmaking and its mechanism. Therefore, this study analyzes how smartphone use affects women's decisionmaking power and explores whether this influence is due to women's off-farm employment mechanisms. For this purpose, the study uses the survey data of 1110 households in rural China and the endogenous treatment regression model for analysis. The control function approach addresses the selection bias of off-farm employment. The results show that smartphone use significantly increases women's decision-making power, partially channeled through increasing women's off-farm employment. The mechanism effect is robust to using both binary and intensive measurements of off-farm employment. Therefore, a policy to improve access to internet facilities and smartphone use could improve women's decision-making power through employment in the off-farm sector.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smartphone use, off‐farm employment, and women's decision‐making power: Evidence from rural China

Zheng

Zhou

Rahut

2022

Review Development Economics

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“…The review by Slavchevska et al (2016) indicates that research following this interpretation has generally fallen into one of two categories: (a) inquiries into (gendered) demographic changes in the agricultural workforce and, in some cases, the drivers behind them or (b) studies on the outcomes for ‘women left behind’ (Slavchevska et al, 2016). Domains of enquiry are often tied to the outmigration of adult men from their homestead and their potential effects on women’s autonomy and labour burdens in farming (de Brauw et al, 2021; Gartaula et al, 2010; Radel et al, 2012; World Bank, 2015). A second take on the feminization of agriculture focuses on new opportunities for women’s empowerment arising from such changes in household arrangements or other agrarian, demographic or economic changes (Doss et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodologies for Researching Feminization of Agriculture: What Do They Tell Us?

Farnworth,

Lecoutere,

Galiè

et al. 2023

Progress in Development Studies

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An increasing body of literature suggests that agriculture is ‘feminizing’ in many low- and middle-income countries. Definitions of the feminization of agriculture vary, as do interpretations of what drives the expansion of women’s roles in agriculture over time. Understanding whether, how, and why the feminization of agriculture is occurring requires effective research methodologies capable of producing nuanced data. This article builds on six research projects that set out to deepen narratives of feminization of agriculture by empirically exploring the dynamics and impacts of diverse processes of feminization of agriculture. The researchers working on these projects reflect on how their methodological innovations enabled them to obtain new, or more nuanced, insights into the processes of feminization of agriculture. A first insight is that the way ‘feminization of agriculture’ is defined and operationalized plays a decisive role in the evidence we produce on the process. Second, bias in data on feminization can arise unless researchers examine well-recognized gender norms that mediate whether women are acknowledged by wider society as legitimate farmers. Third, the feminization of agriculture should be understood as a non-linear continuum. Research methodologies need to be capable of capturing dynamics, complexity, as well as multiple and diverse context- and time-specific drivers. Researchers need to exercise critical awareness of such biases when they are constructing data to measure or proxy aspects of feminization to avoid significantly underestimating women’s roles in agriculture.

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“…However, if smallholders' market links are not reinforced, such tactics will diminish their effectiveness [20,25,26]. Simultaneously, smallholder farmers largely involve several distinct features and confront numerous challenges to their potential contributions in facilitating livelihood development and reducing poverty [27][28][29]. Therefore, there is a profound ground for the agricultural value chain (AVC) facilities to foster efficiency and eventually boost the income-increasing capabilities of smallholder farmers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Participation in Agricultural Value Chain Activities Influence Smallholder Fruit Grower Production Performance? A Cross-Sectional Study of Apple Farmers in Shandong, China

et al. 2021

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The value chain comprises several factors and activities useful for strengthening production and distribution by connecting producers with suppliers, intermediaries, and marketplaces and collaboratively creating added value for products or goods. However, the values of agricultural products mostly depend on various factors and actors, which should be linked together for fostering added values. Thus, there may be strong ground for facilitating a smooth transition of the agricultural value chain (AVC) within the prospects of emerging countries. It could be a key means of promoting a profound connection between smallholder farmers and modern agriculture facilities. It could be especially crucial for the highly perishable and high-value product such as fruits. The main aims of the study are to evaluate the factors influencing smallholder apple farmers’ participation in the agricultural value chain and determine whether participation in AVC improves farmers’ production performance. The empirical setup of the study was chosen based on survey data of apple growers in Shandong, China. The propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) models were employed to craft the study’s outcomes. The main conclusions are as follows. (1) Fruit farmers’ gender, total household expenditure, housing value, planting scale, planting years, degree of specialization, days of family labour input, and total days of employment have significant effects on their participation in AVC activities. (2) Fruit farmers’ usage of improved fertilizers and organization participation supports a higher yield and net income per acre. (3) Participating in two kinds of AVC can significantly improve the yield per acre and net income per acre compared with only using one type of AVC (improved fertilizer). Policy makers should improve the existing policy by eliminating institutional barriers and enhancing human factors for farmers to participate in high-value chain activities. Governments should extend technical support, and enhance training facilities, and comprehensively promote the AVC among smallholder farmers. Finally, farmers’ organizations (e.g., cooperatives and credit organizations) should come forward to help facilitate the effectiveness of AVC.

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Migration, labor and women’s empowerment: Evidence from an agricultural value chain in Bangladesh

Cited by 26 publications

References 24 publications

Smartphone use, off‐farm employment, and women's decision‐making power: Evidence from rural China

Smartphone use, off‐farm employment, and women's decision‐making power: Evidence from rural China

Methodologies for Researching Feminization of Agriculture: What Do They Tell Us?

Does Participation in Agricultural Value Chain Activities Influence Smallholder Fruit Grower Production Performance? A Cross-Sectional Study of Apple Farmers in Shandong, China

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