Migration in patients with early psychosis: A 3-year prospective follow-up study

Golay, Philippe; Baumann, Philipp S.; Jaton, Laure; Restellini, Romeo; Solida, Alessandra; Mebdouhi, Nadir; Conus, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.03.021

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Non-refugee migrants in both countries and refugees in Sweden were significantly less likely to have zero unemployment days and were estimated to experience a higher number of unemployment days over the 5-year follow-up. These findings are in contrast to studies from Canada 16 and Switzerland, 17 which found no significant differences in employment rates among migrant and native-born individuals with first-episode psychosis at 24 and 36 months of follow-up, respectively. This difference in findings could be attributable to our longer follow-up period; however, as we examined registered unemployment (rather than self-reported employment), the findings are not directly comparable.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“… 10 Whilst studies have shown that in the general population, migrant groups (particularly refugees) experience higher levels of labour market marginalization than native-born individuals, 13–15 it is unclear whether this is true among those with psychosis. Two studies of individuals with first-episode psychosis in Canada 16 and Switzerland 17 observed no significant differences in employment rates among migrant and native-born individuals at 24 and 36 months of follow-up, respectively. However, an Italian study reported that migrants with psychosis were more likely than their native-born peers to suspend their work/educational activities during the first 12 months of illness (although they were also more likely to return to work during this period).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Risk of unemployment and work disability among refugee and non-refugee migrants with incident psychotic disorders in Sweden and Denmark

Mastafa,

de Montgomery,

Pettersson

et al. 2023

European Journal of Public Health

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Background Unemployment and work disability are common among individuals with non-affective psychotic disorders (NAPDs) but it is unknown whether rates differ among migrants and native-born individuals. The present study aimed to compare the risk of these outcomes during the first 5 years of illness in non-refugee migrants, refugees and native-born individuals with NAPDs in Sweden and Denmark—two countries with different immigration policies and models of early psychosis care. Methods Using national registers, we identified all individuals aged 18–35 years in Sweden and Denmark who received an incident NAPD diagnosis between 2006 and 2013 (N = 6750 and 8320, respectively). Cohorts were followed for 5 years to determine the days of unemployment and sickness absence (analyzed using zero-inflated negative binomial models) and the time to receipt of disability pension (analyzed using complementary log-log models). Results Relative to their native-born peers, refugees and non-refugee migrants in Sweden and non-refugee migrants in Denmark were significantly less likely to have zero unemployment days (OR range: 0.54–0.72) and all migrant groups experienced more unemployment days (IRR range: 1.26–1.37). Results were largely unchanged after adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical factors. In the adjusted model, both Swedish migrant groups and refugees in Denmark were more likely to experience zero sickness absence days than native-born individuals (OR range: 1.48–1.56). Only refugees in Denmark were at greater risk of disability pension. Conclusions Non-refugee migrants and refugees with NAPDs in both Sweden and Denmark are particularly vulnerable to experiencing unemployment. Targeted interventions may help to reduce these disparities and promote long-term work ability among migrant groups.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Risk of unemployment and work disability among refugee and non-refugee migrants with incident psychotic disorders in Sweden and Denmark

Mastafa,

de Montgomery,

Pettersson

et al. 2023

European Journal of Public Health

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“…The reason for the better outcome we observed in BD patients is probably multi factorial, our observation that they were less likely than the two other groups to have been exposed to migration in adversity might play a role in this regard. Indeed, migration in adversity may increase the risk of exposure to traumatic events and was previously reported to be associated with an increased risk of relapse, as well as with poorer symptomatic remission in first-episode psychosis (Golay et al, 2019a). Otherwise, our study revealed a strong clinical resemblance between MDP and SAD, especially regarding their clinical presentation at the beginning of the programme, the course of symptoms and outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Grouping affective psychoses in early intervention: Justification for specific treatment guidelines

Ramain

Conus

Golay

2022

Psychiatry Research

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“…In case of inconsistency between patient’s and family’s reports or doubt regarding the exposure to trauma or the age at the time of exposure, patients were not included in the study. Over the 3-year period of treatment, case managers completed a table containing the following information: (1) presence or absence of physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, migration in adversity [ 40 ], bullying, adoption, parent separation, abandon, loss of parents, (2) age at the time of first exposure to these events and (3) recurrence of trauma. Here, we focused on physical/sexual abuses (PSA) as they were quite analogous to the SD used in our animal study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time of exposure to social defeat stress during childhood and adolescence and redox dysregulation on long-lasting behavioral changes, a translational study

Schnider¹,

Jenni²,

Ramain

et al. 2022

Transl Psychiatry

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Traumatic events during childhood/early adolescence can cause long-lasting physiological and behavioral changes with increasing risk for psychiatric conditions including psychosis. Genetic factors and trauma (and their type, degree of repetition, time of occurrence) are believed to influence how traumatic experiences affect an individual. Here, we compared long-lasting behavioral effects of repeated social defeat stress (SD) applied during either peripuberty or late adolescence in adult male WT and Gclm-KO mice, a model of redox dysregulation relevant to schizophrenia. As SD disrupts redox homeostasis and causes oxidative stress, we hypothesized that KO mice would be particularly vulnerable to such stress. We first found that peripubertal and late adolescent SD led to different behavioral outcomes. Peripubertal SD induced anxiety-like behavior in anxiogenic environments, potentiated startle reflex, and increased sensitivity to the NMDA-receptor antagonist, MK-801. In contrast, late adolescent SD led to increased exploration in novel environments. Second, the long-lasting impact of peripubertal but not late adolescent SD differed in KO and WT mice. Peripubertal SD increased anxiety-like behavior in anxiogenic environments and MK-801-sensitivity mostly in KO mice, while it increased startle reflex in WT mice. These suggest that a redox dysregulation during peripuberty interacts with SD to remodel the trajectory of brain maturation, but does not play a significant role during later SD. As peripubertal SD induced persisting anxiety- and fear-related behaviors in male mice, we then investigated anxiety in a cohort of 89 early psychosis male patients for whom we had information about past abuse and clinical assessment during the first year of psychosis. We found that a first exposure to physical/sexual abuse (analogous to SD) before age 12, but not after, was associated with higher anxiety at 6–12 months after psychosis onset. This supports that childhood/peripuberty is a vulnerable period during which physical/sexual abuse in males has wide and long-lasting consequences.

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Migration in patients with early psychosis: A 3-year prospective follow-up study

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

Risk of unemployment and work disability among refugee and non-refugee migrants with incident psychotic disorders in Sweden and Denmark

Risk of unemployment and work disability among refugee and non-refugee migrants with incident psychotic disorders in Sweden and Denmark

Grouping affective psychoses in early intervention: Justification for specific treatment guidelines

Time of exposure to social defeat stress during childhood and adolescence and redox dysregulation on long-lasting behavioral changes, a translational study

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