Migration, immobility and displacement outcomes following extreme events

Black, Richard; Arnell, Nigel W.; Adger, W. Neil; Thomas, David S.G.; Geddes, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2012.09.001

Cited by 330 publications

(268 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…According to the results of our survey, the major reasons to migrate can be ranked as follows: poverty and lack of employment opportunities in the home region, then food insecurity, followed by rainfall variability and natural hazards. However, it is not rainfall variability or a hazard as such that influences people's decision to migrate, but their immediate and mid-term effects, most importantly crop loss, local unemployment or food price hikes (see also Black et al, 2013;Gray & Mueller, 2012;Martin, Billah, Siddiqui, Black, & Kniveton, 2013). More than half of the respondents indicated that a sudden decline in crop production, for instance, after a natural hazard had occurred or due to a dry spell during the monsoon season, is an important reason for out-migration.…”

Section: Migrants From Kurigram In Bangladesh's Seasonal Labour Migramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ample empirical evidence exists on the effects of climate-related natural hazards, such as tropical cyclones or floods, on people's mobility (cf. Black, Arnell, Adger, Thomas, & Geddes, 2013;Findlay & Geddes, 2011;IOM, 2010;Islam, 1992;Lein, 2000;Mallick & Vogt, 2012;Paul, 2005;Penning-Rowsell, Sultana, & Thompson 2013;Poncelet, Gemenne, Martiniello, & Boussetta, 2010;Warner, Ehrhart, de Sherbinin, Adamo, & Onn, 2009;World Bank, 2010). People in poverty, who live in exposed areas, are often most severely affected by natural hazards, but this does not necessarily mean that most of them are also mobile.…”

Section: Environmentally Induced Migration In Bangladeshmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These 'trapped populations' (cf. Black et al, 2013;Poncelet et al, 2010) are forced to adapt to adverse effects of increasing rainfall variability with the resources that are locally available to them.…”

Section: Migrants From Kurigram In Bangladesh's Seasonal Labour Migramentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clouds gather in the sky, but no rain falls. Vulnerability to rainfall variability and food insecurity in Northern Bangladesh and its effects on migration

Etzold

Ahmed

Hassan³

et al. 2013

Climate and Development

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This article presents empirical evidence on changing rainfall patterns in Kurigram district in northern Bangladesh, on the local people's perception of these changes, and on their decision to migrate, or not, in order to cope with rainfall variability and food insecurity. Our study was conducted as one of eight case studies within the 'Where the Rain Falls' Project. Taking on a social vulnerability perspective, we show that migration from the region is not driven by climatic changes, but rather by the existing livelihood and labour migration systems. First, there is a distinct seasonality and thus rainfall dependency of rural livelihoods, which makes the rural population sensitive to changing rainfall patterns. Second, rainfall variability and food security are closely intertwined. Third, the distinct rhythm in the labour migration system is largely structured by seasonal hunger (Monga) in northern Bangladesh and by the demand for agricultural labourers and informal workers at the respective destinations. Fourth, persisting local patterns of social inequality shape both people's condition of food security and their decision to migrate for work or not. We conclude that, instead of climate change, social inequality and food insecurity as well as structural economic differences are the strongest drivers of migration inside Bangladesh.

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Section: Migrants From Kurigram In Bangladesh's Seasonal Labour Migramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmentally Induced Migration In Bangladeshmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clouds gather in the sky, but no rain falls. Vulnerability to rainfall variability and food insecurity in Northern Bangladesh and its effects on migration

Etzold

Ahmed

Hassan³

et al. 2013

Climate and Development

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“…Because young people are most likely to leave, the remaining family members (mostly women, the elderly, and children) might experience higher vulnerability to extreme natural events. While migration can be considered a coping mechanism that reduces the long-term vulnerability (Black et al 2013;McLeman and Smit 2006), we find that migration is associated with greater risk of loss following a natural hazard.…”

Section: Results Of Multivariate Analysismentioning

confidence: 73%

Unravelling the association between the impact of natural hazards and household poverty: evidence from the Indian Sundarban delta

et al. 2017

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more vulnerable to future risk. The results further suggest that salinization, tidal surge, erosion, and household location are also significant predictors of economic and human losses. Given the current and projected impact of climate change and importance of delta regions as the world's food baskets, poverty reduction and increase societal resilience should be a primary pathway to strengthen the resilience of the poorest populations inhabiting deltas.

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“…We excluded approximately 20-25 papers that employed some form of explicit systematic method but did not meet inclusion criteria. For example, a number of papers appeared to use highly systematic approaches to document selection, but these methods were not clearly or sufficiently articulated in the papers to validate or support inclusion (Mills 2009;Poyar and Beller-Simms 2010;Preet et al 2010;Huang et al 2011;Hunt and Watkiss 2011;Clarke and Berry 2012;Black et al 2013;Sharmina et al 2013;Wamsler et al 2013). In many of these cases, we suspect the failure was not in the absence of systematization of the review process-many of these papers in fact implied highly systematic and comprehensive approaches-but rather in documentation of methods.…”

Section: Systematic Review For Adaptation Research: Challenges and Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review approaches for climate change adaptation research

2015

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Recent controversy has led to calls for increased standardization and transparency in the methods used to synthesize climate change research. Though these debates have focused largely on the biophysical dimensions of climate change, human dimensions research is equally in need of improved methodological approaches for research synthesis. Systematic review approaches, and more recently realist review methods, have been used within the health sciences for decades to guide research synthesis. Despite this, penetration of these approaches into the social and environmental sciences has been limited. Here, we present an analysis of approaches for systematic review and research synthesis and examine their applicability in an adaptation context. Customized review frameworks informed by systematic approaches to research synthesis provide a conceptually appropriate and practical opportunity for increasing methodological transparency and rigor in synthesizing and tracking adaptation research. This review highlights innovative applications of systematic approaches, with a focus on the unique challenges of integrating multiple data sources and formats in reviewing climate change adaptation policy and practice. We present guidelines, key considerations, and recommendations for systematic review in the social sciences in general and adaptation research in particular. We conclude by calling for increased conceptual and methodological development of systematic review approaches to address the methodological challenges of synthesizing and tracking adaptation to climate change.

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Migration, immobility and displacement outcomes following extreme events

Cited by 330 publications

References 42 publications

Clouds gather in the sky, but no rain falls. Vulnerability to rainfall variability and food insecurity in Northern Bangladesh and its effects on migration

Clouds gather in the sky, but no rain falls. Vulnerability to rainfall variability and food insecurity in Northern Bangladesh and its effects on migration

Unravelling the association between the impact of natural hazards and household poverty: evidence from the Indian Sundarban delta

Systematic review approaches for climate change adaptation research

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