Migration as a Risk Management Strategy in the Context of Climate Change: Evidence from the Bolivian Andes

High Mountain Areas

“…This age-specific pattern is found in a valley in Northern Pakistan in which agriculture relies on glacier melt water for irrigation; as river flow decreases, the returns to agricultural labour have declined, and emigration has increased, particularly among the youth, who are assigned, by local cultural practices, to carry out the heaviest work (Parveen et al, 2015). Emigration has increased in recent decades from two valleys in highland Bolivia which rely on glacier melt water, as water supplies have declined, though other factors also contribute to emigration, including land fragmentation, increasing household needs for income, the lack of local wage-labour opportunities and an interest among the young in educational opportunities located in cities (Brandt et al, 2016). In Nepal, young members of high-elevation pastoral households impacted by cryosphere change have been increasingly engaged in tourism and labour migration since 2000 (Shaoliang et al, 2012); similar responses are reported for Sikkim in the Indian Himalaya (Ingty, 2017).…”

Enfant persécuteur ou enfant sauveur ? Quand trauma et migration s’amalgament à l’ambivalence de la mère dans la relation à son bébé

“…34 Livestock deaths due to heavy snowfall and water scarcity in traditional water sources along migration routes have been reported across 31 Black et al, 2011. 32 IDMC, 2016Brandt, Kaenzig and Lachmuth, 2016;Liu et al, 2018;Namgay et al, 2014. 33 Namgay et al, 2014.…”

9 Human mobility and adaptation to environmental change

“…34 Livestock deaths due to heavy snowfall and water scarcity in traditional water sources along migration routes have been reported across 31 Black et al, 2011. 32 IDMC, 2016Brandt, Kaenzig and Lachmuth, 2016;Liu et al, 2018;Namgay et al, 2014. 33 Namgay et al, 2014.…”