Migration and transformation of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine in peat bog soil of rocket stage fall site in Russian North

Rapid Simultaneous Quantification of 1-Formyl-2,2-Dimethylhydrazine and Dimethylurea Isomers in Environmental Samples by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…For example, sandy soil (sample 3) polluted with rocket fuel and subjected to reagent treatment with hydrogen peroxide contained 190 mg kg −1 of this transformation product. Peat bog soil sample contained lower amounts of FADMH; however, the measured content (4.2 mg kg −1 ) was also significant considering the smaller scale of fuel spill and the known ability of peat to strongly bind UDMH and thus prevent its oxidative transformations [ 15 ].…”

“…To date, several dozen UDMH transformation products have been reliably identified [ 5 , 6 , 7 ], the most abundant of them are N -nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), formaldehyde dimethylhydrazone, 1,1,4,4-tetramethyltetrazene, N , N -dimethylformamide, dimethylaminoacetonitrile, 1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole, and 1-formyl-2,2-dimethylhydrazine (formic acid N ′, N ′-dimethylhydrazide, FADMH) [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. The latter compound has been identified as an UDMH transformation product relatively recently [ 9 ], although it is always found in significant amounts in soils and waters contaminated with rocket fuel [ 12 , 14 , 15 ]. Analyses of UDMH oxidation products in model laboratory experiments and real soil samples by atmospheric pressure ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry [ 4 ] showed the presence, in all mass spectra, of an intense signal of the compound C 3 H 8 N 2 O, which can be attributed to FADMH.…”

Photocatalytic degradation of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine on TiO2/SBA-15 under 185/254 nm vacuum-ultraviolet

“…Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) is one of the most commonly used liquid rocket propellants. 1 The frequent use of UDMH will inevitably produce large amounts of propellant wastewater. 2,3 Furthermore, UDMH is carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic.…”

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Quantification of 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine Transformation Products in Aqueous Solutions: Accelerated Water Sample Preparation

“…Gas chromatography is a more universal solution for separating the widest possible range of UDMH transformation products (with the exception of hydrazines and some thermolabile compounds). In combination with mass spectrometric detection, it has found application for the search, identification, and determination of dozens of UDMH transformation products in soils [5,[14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

“…The use of GC-MS for the analysis of aqueous samples is limited by the need to change the matrix, since the introduction of even small amounts of water into the chromatographic column leads to distortion of the shape of the chromatographic peaks, loss of separation efficiency, and instability of the analyte retention times. To solve this problem, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) from a saturated saline solution [14,16,19], as well as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) from the vapor phase [20,21] were used. Despite the possibility of significant preconcentration of analytes, these methods also have a number of disadvantages.…”