“…This does not mean that scholars have not addressed migration from the sending states at all. Nonetheless, as Miller and Peters (2020) point out, existing studies on emigration tend to examine either diaspora policy (Gamlen 2008;De Haas 2007;Brand 2006) or motivation for migration or the impact of emigration and remittances (Barsbai et al 2017;Meseguer and Burgess 2014;Pfaff and Kim 2003;Pfutze 2012;Spilimbergo 2009;Moses 2011;Docquier et al 2016;Ahmed 2012;Escribà-Folch, Meseguer Yebra, and Wright 2021;Leblang 2010;Johns, Langer, and Peters 2022;Kapur 2010). As such, we still know relatively little about state behavior and the determinants of emigration policies.…”