Migration and risk of multiple sclerosis

Alter, Milton; Kahana, Esther; Loewenson, Ruth B.

doi:10.1212/wnl.28.11.1089

Cited by 118 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…Our result showed that most of MS patients are females and its being diagnosed in 1-2 years earlier in this gender same as other reports (17,18,19,20). The mean age of diagnosis was in the late twenties both in men and women in this study, which was lesser and higher than Qom and Tehran studies, respectively (21)(22).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Epidemiological Survey of Multiple Sclerosis in East-Azerbaijan Province, Iran, 2014

Yousefi¹,

Vahdati²,

Mazouchian³

et al. 2017

IMMINV

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Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) as a chronic disease of the central nervous system have the very prevalent in worldwide. Its epidemiology is different region by region, and most of the geographical and environmental factors may play a role in its incidence. We designed this study to analyze demographic characteristics of MS. Methods: This survey has been conducted in East-Azerbaijan province, northwest of Iran. Prevalence of the MS has been measured using data from Committee for Diagnosis and Treatment of MS in 2014. Age, gender, and type of the disease also had been investigated in this research. Independent T-Test, Chi-square, Pearson and Fisher's exact test used to analyze data by SPSS21. Results: We had 2774 MS patients in 2014. Of them, 726 (26%) were male and 2003 (73%) were female. The mean age of males and females was 38±9 years and 37.09±9 years, respectively. The mean age of male patients significantly was higher than females (P=0.001). We measured 73.26 prevalence per 100000 populations in East-Azerbaijan province. Conclusion: Prevalence of the MS showed a significant increase in 5 years compared to previous studies. Because of disease's dishabilitating entity more interventional investigations are recommended to perform in preventing disease incidence or improving the quality of life of sufferers and increasing their life expectancy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Epidemiological Survey of Multiple Sclerosis in East-Azerbaijan Province, Iran, 2014

Yousefi¹,

Vahdati²,

Mazouchian³

et al. 2017

IMMINV

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“…Likewise, the level of sun exposure in childhood and adolescence, e.g. by outdoor leisure activities which may serve as a proxy for vitamin D supply in early life, has been inversely linked to the risk of MS in adulthood [96][97][98][99]. In a recent longitudinal Canadian study of 302 children with acute demyelinating syndrome, low vitamin D levels were significantly associated with MS risk in the subsequent three years [100].…”

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confidence: 99%

Vitamin D in Neurological Diseases: A Rationale for a Pathogenic Impact

Moretti

Morelli

Caruso

2018

Preprint

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It is widely known that vitamin D receptors have been found in neurons and glial cells and their highest expression is in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus and subcortical grey nuclei, and substantia nigra. The vitamin D helps the regulation of neurotrophin, neural differentiation and maturation, through the control operation of growing factors synthesis (ie NGF and GDNF), the trafficking of the septo-hyppocampal pathway, and the control of the synthesis process of different neuromodulators (such as Ach, DA, and GABA).Based on these assumptions, we have written this review in order to summarize the potential role of vitamin D in neurological pathologies. The work could be titanic, and might result very fuzzy and even incoherent, if we would not have conjectured to taper our first intentions and devoted our interests towards three mainstreams: demyelinating pathologies, vascular syndromes and neurodegeneration.Due to the lack of effective therapeutic options, a part from the disease modifying strategies, the role of different risk factors should be investigated in neurology, as far as their correction may lead to the improvement of the cerebral conditions.We have explored the relationships between the gene-environmental influence and long term vitamin D deficiency, as a risk factor for the development of different types of neurological disorders, along with the role and the rationale of therapeutic trials with vitamin D implementation. Peer-reviewed version available at Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 2245 doi:10.3390/ijms19082245 3 SEARCH STRATEGY AND SELECTION CRITERIAWe searched MEDLINE using the search terms: "vitamin D central nervous system" , both "vitamin D" and "central nervous system"; "vitamin D immune system/response", both "vitamin D" and "immune system" or "immune response"; "vitamin D multiple sclerosis risk", both "vitamin D" and "multiple sclerosis risk"; "vitamin D multiple sclerosis relapse", both "vitamin D" and "multiple sclerosis relapse"; "vitamin D multiple sclerosis magnetic resonance imaging", both "vitamin D" and "multiple sclerosis magnetic resonance imaging"; "vitamin D multiple sclerosis disability", both "vitamin D" and "multiple sclerosis disability"; "vitamin D supplementation/therapy/treatment multiple sclerosis", both "vitamin D supplementation" or "vitamin D therapy" or "vitamin D treatment" and "multiple sclerosis"; "vascular dementia", both as -vascular-and -dementia-, "subcortical vascular dementia", both assubcortical-and -dementia-, "Alzheimer's disease", "pathogenesis neurodegeneration" "amyloid", "cholinergic afferents", "arteriolosclerosis", "cerebral flow regulation", "stroke". Publications were selected mostly form the past 20years, but did not exclude frequently referenced and highly regarded older publications. . Congress abstracts and isolated case reports were not considered. We searched the reference lists of articles identified by this search strategy and selected those we judged relevant. Review articles and book chapters are cited to provide with ...

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“…Low levels of sun exposure [4,5,6,7], low levels of vitamin D [8,9,10,11], Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection [12,13], cigarette smoking [14,15,16] have all been shown to be important risk factors for consideration in the study of MS etiology. These risk factors have been suggested to act in childhood and/or adolescence [17,18,19,20,21,22,23] and possibly during the perinatal period [24], as determinants of disease risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The EnvIMS Study: Design and Methodology of an International Case-Control Study of Environmental Risk Factors in Multiple Sclerosis

Magalhaes¹,

Pugliatti²,

Casetta³

et al. 2015

Neuroepidemiology

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Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system, often resulting in significant neurological disability. The causes of MS are not known; however, the incidence of MS is increasing, thereby suggesting that changes in lifestyle and/or environmental factors may be responsible. On this background, the Environmental Risk Factors in MS Study or EnvIMS study was designed to further explore the etiology of MS. The design and methodology are described, providing details to enable investigators to (i) use our experiences to design their own studies; (ii) take advantage of, and build on the methodological work completed for, the EnvIMS study; (iii) become aware of this data source that is available for use by the research community. Methods: EnvIMS is a multinational case-control study, enrolling 2,800 cases with MS and 5,012 population-based controls in Canada, Italy, Norway, Serbia and Sweden. The study was designed to investigate the most commonly implicated risk factors for MS etiology using a self-report questionnaire. Results/Conclusions: The use of a common methodology to study MS etiology across several countries enhances the comparability of results in different geographic regions and research settings, reduces the resources required for study design and enhances the opportunity for data harmonization.

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Migration and risk of multiple sclerosis

Cited by 118 publications

References 0 publications

Epidemiological Survey of Multiple Sclerosis in East-Azerbaijan Province, Iran, 2014

Epidemiological Survey of Multiple Sclerosis in East-Azerbaijan Province, Iran, 2014

Vitamin D in Neurological Diseases: A Rationale for a Pathogenic Impact

The EnvIMS Study: Design and Methodology of an International Case-Control Study of Environmental Risk Factors in Multiple Sclerosis

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