Migration and Morphometrics of European Knot and Turnstone on Ellesmere Island, Canada

Morrison, R. I. G.

doi:10.2307/4512160

Cited by 45 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Burton and McNeil(1975) and Greenewalt (1975) conclude that a nonstop flight from Nova Scotia to the West Indies or beyond is within the physiological ability of many shorebirds, but Tucker (1975Tucker ( , 1976 calculates that their ability to do so is marginal unless assisted by following winds. Elsewhere, shorebirds are known to undertake long (but sometimes interrupted) flights across the North Atlantic and Greenland (Falls et al 1955;Morrison 1975Morrison , 1977bDick et al 1976), the Pacific Ocean (Stickney 1943 ;Thompson 1973 ;McClure 1974), the Sahara Desert (Moreau 1967;Grimes 1974), etc. Hence an overwater flight to the West Indies is not an unusual feat for shorebirds.…”

Section: Depurture From the Coastmentioning

confidence: 98%

Southeastward shorebird migration over Nova Scotia and New Brunswick in autumn: a radar study

Richardson¹

1979

Can. J. Zool.

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RICHARDSON, W. J. 1979. Southeastward shorebird migration over Nova Scotia and New Brunswick in autumn: a radar study. Can. J . Zool. 57: 107-124. Shorebirdsdepartedoverthe Atlanticintermittently by nightand(in1essernumbel-s)day in late summer and early autumn. Migrations were broad-front and usually began inland (including Bay of Fundy). often 1-2 h before sunset. Tracks were straight, withdaily rneansof 1 10-170"(overall mean 134"). About 69% were flyingon tracksdirected too far east to reach South America without a course change; the roles of wind drift and heading adjustments in effecting this course change are uncertain. Ground speeds were 74 f SD 17 kmlh; altitudes were often high (mean 2.0 km, 5% of flocks above 4.4 krn, highest 6.65 krn). Many departed with W-NW winds and fair weather behind cold fi-onts or E or N of high pressure areas, but some took off ahead of or caught up with and penetrated cold fronts. Mean tracks were correlated with wind direction, but were rarely downwind. Their deviation from downwind was unrelated to visibility, cloud, or magnetic disturbance (K index). Dispersion of tracks did not change consistently during nightsor days and was unrelated to wind or K index. Dispersion at night was slightly greater in inclement than fair weather. RICHARDSON, W. J. 1979. Southeastward shorebird migration over Nova Scotia and New Brunswick in autumn: aradarstudy. Can. J. Zool. 57: 107-124. Les oiseaux de rivage qui commencent des vols au-dessus de 1'Atlantique partent intermittent la nuit et (moins numeraux) le jour, B la fin le I'ete et au debut de I'automne. Ces oiseaux volent Bfront deploye et partent ordinairement de I'interieur (mime dans la Baie de Fundy), souvent 1-2 h avant le coucher du soleil. Les oiseaux suivent un itineraire rectiligne, la direction moyenne parcourue en une journee allant de 110 170" (moyenne generale de 134"). Environ 6W0 des oiseaux suivent une route dirigee trop vers I'est pour leur permettre d'atteindre I'Amerique du Sud sans changer de cap; le r6le duvent et des ajusternents de direction lors du changernent de cap derneurent incertains. La vitesse au sol est de 74 T 17 kmlh; I'altitude est souvent elevee (2.0 km en moyenne. 5% des troupes volant au-dessus de 4.4 km, la troupe la plus elevee a 6.65 km). Plusieurs oiseaux prennent leur envol avec des vents 0-NO et du temps clair derriere un front froid ou h I'est ou au nord de regions de haute pression; mais certains prennent leurenvol devant un front froid ou rejoignent et penetrent un front froid. Les itineraires moyens sont relies B la direction du vent, mais sont rarement a vau-vent. La deviation des itineraires par rapport au vent arriere n'est reliee ni a la visibilite, ni h I'ennuagement, ni aux perturbations magnetiques (indice K ) . La dispersion des itineraires ne varie regulierement pendant ni les nuits ni les jours, et elle n'est reliee ni au vent, ni a I'indice K. La dispersion pendant la nuit est Iegerement plus importante par mauvais temps que par temps clair.[Traduit par le journal]

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Section: Depurture From the Coastmentioning

confidence: 98%

Southeastward shorebird migration over Nova Scotia and New Brunswick in autumn: a radar study

Richardson¹

1979

Can. J. Zool.

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“…The highest weight recorded was 171 gm for a non-moulting adult in August, and the lowest 74 gm for a first-year bird in February after a period of abnormally cold weather. Morrison (1975) reported that the mean weights of Turnstones in Iceland on spring passage in 1972 rose from an arrival weight of 117 gm on 3 May to 158 gm on 23 May, and that the average weight on arrival at Ellesmere Island was 113 gm. If birds leaving Iceland have 45 gm of fat available for migration, the flight ranges calculated from formulae given by McNeil and Cadieux (1972) and by (Greenwalt).…”

Section: Weightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turnstone populations on the Wash

Branson

Ponting²,

Minton³

1979

Bird Study

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“…Instead of being channelled into eggs, nutrient stores carried to the breeding grounds may also be metabolised during the period directly after arrival, when food availability is limited and unpredictable owing to weather and snow conditions (Morrison 1975;Sandberg 1996;Baker et al 2004;Morrison et al 2005). Such stores may be important for survival and reproduction: unusually cold early summers in 1972 and 1974 caused extensive mortality of adult Red Knots Calidris canutus in northern Greenland and Canada (Morrison 1975;Boyd and Piersma 2001), and birds departing from Iceland with below-average mass suffered more than heavier birds (Morrison 2006;Morrison et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such stores may be important for survival and reproduction: unusually cold early summers in 1972 and 1974 caused extensive mortality of adult Red Knots Calidris canutus in northern Greenland and Canada (Morrison 1975;Boyd and Piersma 2001), and birds departing from Iceland with below-average mass suffered more than heavier birds (Morrison 2006;Morrison et al 2007). In 1999, when snow melt was late at Alert, Canada, arrival masses were significantly lower than the long-term mean and many shorebirds postponed breeding or did not breed at all (Morrison et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body condition of shorebirds upon arrival at their Siberian breeding grounds

Tulp¹,

Schekkerman

Klaassen

et al. 2008

Polar Biol

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Arctic breeding shorebirds carry substantial body stores on their long-distance migrations from their non-breeding grounds. Upon arrival at the breeding area the remains of these stores can be used for egg formation, insurance against poor feeding conditions or rebuilding organs. We quantified body condition (body mass, total body water, lean body mass and fat mass estimated using the deuterium dilution method) in seven shorebird species caught upon arrival in the Siberian Arctic. Arrival condition was compared with incubation condition in a subset of species. After correction for structural size, body mass was significantly lower at arrival than during incubation in most of the species (but 3-18% above lean mass). Fat index (fat mass/lean mass) varied between 5.1 and 13.2%. Fat stores were estimated to enable survival for 0.6 days for the smallest and 2.5 days for the largest species. We discuss possible functions of arrival stores: insurance, egg-formation or rebuilding organs.

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Migration and Morphometrics of European Knot and Turnstone on Ellesmere Island, Canada

Cited by 45 publications

References 5 publications

Southeastward shorebird migration over Nova Scotia and New Brunswick in autumn: a radar study

Southeastward shorebird migration over Nova Scotia and New Brunswick in autumn: a radar study

Turnstone populations on the Wash

Body condition of shorebirds upon arrival at their Siberian breeding grounds

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