Migration and labour market outcomes in OECD countries

Abstract

Immigration pressures are increasing in most OECD countries. This article investigates the consequences of immigration for natives’ labour market outcomes, as well as issues linked to immigrants’ integration in the host country labour market. Changes in the share of immigrants in the labour force may have a distributive impact on natives’ wages, and a temporary impact on unemployment. However, labour market integration of immigrants (as well as integration of second-generation immigrants both in terms of educational attainments and of labour market outcomes) remains the main challenge facing host economies. In both cases, product and labour market policies have a significant role to play in easing the economy’s adjustment to immigration.Les pays de l’OCDE connaissent une période de forte croissance des pressions migratoires. Cet article s’interroge sur les conséquences de ce phénomène d’une part sur le marché du travail domestique, d’autre part sur les trajectoires d’intégration propres aux immigrés dans les pays d’accueil. Des changements dans la proportion d’immigrés dans la force de travail peuvent avoir un impact distributif sur les salaires des natifs et un impact temporaire sur leur taux de chômage. Cependant, l’intégration des immigrés sur le marché du travail (de même que l’intégration des immigrés de seconde génération, aussi bien sur le plan de la réussite scolaire que sur celui de la performance sur le marché du travail) demeure l’enjeu principal auquel se doivent de faire face les économies d’accueil. Dans les deux cas, la régulation des marchés de produits et la politique du marché du travail ont un rôle important à jouer afin de favoriser les ajustements économiques associés à l’immigration

Less Income Inequality and More Growth – Are they Compatible? Part 7. The Drivers of Labour Earnings Inequality – An Analysis Based on Conditional and Unconditional Quantile Regressions

“…Whether the size of this earnings gap differs across quantiles depends again widely on the country considered. The large cross-country differences in the earnings gap between natives and foreigners may reflect in part differences in the structure of the immigrant population (in terms of country of origin, timing of immigration or motivation) and differences in countries" policy settings (Jean et al, 2010). 34 …”

Does Country Context Matter? Sub‐Saharan and North African Immigrants’ Labour Market Outcomes in France and Spain

“…As a key indicator of integration (Aleksynska and Tritah, 2013), labour market success is a central issue in the migration literature (Kogan, 2007). Immigrant labour market disadvantages are well-documented with immigrant employment lower than natives in nearly all OECD countries (Jean et al, 2010). In Europe, immigrant unemployment rates are over 60 per cent higher than the native-born (Hansen, 2012) and immigrants' persistently high unemployment has been cited as one of the most urgent problems in the European Union (EU) (Kogan, 2006).…”

Wage Discrimination Against Immigrants in Austria?

“…2 In European countries, wage differentials between natives and immigrants are less frequently analysed. Peracchi and Depalo (2006) and Jean et al (2010) conduct cross-country analyses on differential labour market outcomes between natives and migrants using data from the European Community Household Panel. Both document lower earnings and employment probabilities for immigrants as compared with natives, even after controlling for observable productivity characteristics.…”