Migration and intensification of water conflicts in the Pangani Basin, Tanzania

Mbonile, M.

doi:10.1016/s0197-3975(03)00061-4

Cited by 67 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Although most of these fires are lit accidentally during human activities such as honey collection, poaching and grass burning during forest clearing for agricultural expansion (Hemp, 2005), their devastating effects are amplified by the dry weather conditions. As a result, degraded forest cover increased from 1,606 ha in 1973 to 5,170 ha in 2000 (Mbonile, 2005), while at least 41 km2 of natural forest having disappeared between 1952 and 1982 (Yanda and Shishira, 2001). Other significant changes are also evident in woodlands, bushlands and grasslands.…”

Section: Results: What the Discourses Reveal 41 Talking About Hydromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the matter of land repartition, during the post-independence period large tracts of land were taken for the airport, for the country's vast wheat farms and for the national park and forest reserves. Land alienation has squeezed the local population into marginal lands, leading to further land degradation and water scarcity (Mbonile, 2005). Regarding agricultural pollution, farming systems are evolving rapidly on the south slopes of the mountain.…”

Section: Results: What the Discourses Reveal 41 Talking About Hydromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mkhandi and Ngana, 2001) show that there is water stress in the Pangani basin because all major sources of water supply are endangered by environmental degradation. As a result, water management in the basin has to balance between demands for (i) coffee and banana cultivation on the slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro, (ii) paddy farms in the lowlands, (iii) flower cultivation around Arusha and (iv) hydropower plants at Nyumba ya Mungu, Hale and Pangani Falls (Mbonile, 2005). As a consequence of these competing needs, sectoral water demands are not being met and water levels in storage reservoirs are low (Madulu, 2003).…”

Section: The Challenges Faced By Mount Kilimanjaromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence many shambas are not irrigated and canal committees, an ancestral communal system structured by a complex social hierarchy, disappear. Many studies on these canal committees show that the system was ensuring carefully managed water and social equity (Mbonile, 2005). The National Water Policy is facing major resistance from traditional irrigational water users, who are often reluctant to apply for water rights.…”

Section: Access To Water Land and Forestmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Chagga people and environmental changes on Mount Kilimanjaro: Lessons to learn

Sébastien¹

2010

Climate and Development

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Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa, is a site of exceptional diversity. However, its fragile balance is presently under threat, mainly from hydrological issues. Scientists and politicians have different hypotheses concerning the condition and availability of water on the mountain, thus far without consensus. Some of these hypotheses infer that the local Chagga communities living on Kilimanjaro's slopes are implicated in the overall degradation of natural resources. A major part of the research presented in this paper focuses on the Chagga people's view of their environment. The research uses the Actor in 4 Dimensions (A4D) methodology. This multidisciplinary conceptual model helps one to understand a territory by analysing the relations between individuals (social link) and the relations between humans and no humans (natural link). This paper aims to (1) present the A4D model and its innovative methodology, (2) analyse the stakeholders' dynamics around environmental issues on the mountain and (3) focus on the Chagga's perception of natural resource evolution and management. The A4D results show that the Chagga display a profound attachment to their territory, the forest is the element creating social relations, technical progress can mean social regression, conflicts over natural resources are increasing and hydrological risks on Mount Kilimanjaro are primarily of a social nature.

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Section: Results: What the Discourses Reveal 41 Talking About Hydromentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results: What the Discourses Reveal 41 Talking About Hydromentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Challenges Faced By Mount Kilimanjaromentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Access To Water Land and Forestmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Chagga people and environmental changes on Mount Kilimanjaro: Lessons to learn

Sébastien¹

2010

Climate and Development

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“…Ayrıca "Uluslararası Göç Örgütü"nün yayınladığı bir raporda, son yıllarda önemli ölçüde artan çevresel bozulmaya paralel olarak çok sayıda insanın yer değiştirdiğine ve bu tür göçmenlerin sayısının iklim değişikliğinin bir sonucu olarak gelecekte daha da artabileceği vurgulanmıştır (IOM, 1992). İklim değişikliği, doğal afetlerin etkisini arttırmakta; tarımsal üretimi ve temiz suya erişimi sıcaklık artışı ve kuraklık yoluyla zorlaştırmakta; yükselen deniz seviyeleri kıyı alanlarını yaşanmaz hale getirmekte ve ek olarak doğal kaynaklar üzerindeki rekabet, çatışmaları tetikleyerek insanların zorunlu yerinden edilmesine ön ayak olmaktadır (Martin, 2009;Mbonile, 2005). Birleşmiş Milletler, 2020 yılında dünyada 60 milyon, 2050'de 200 milyon çevresel göçmen olabileceğini tahmin etmektedir(UN, 2014c).…”

Section: 2çevresel Değişikliklere Bağlı Göç Ve Nüfusun Yeniden Dağunclassified

Nüfus dinamikleri, çevre ve sürdürülebilirlik

Murat¹

2017

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Integration of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and vegetables (Amaranthus hybridus and Brassica rapa pekinensis) for improved production, water use efficiency and nutrient recycling

Mulokozi

Berg

Tamatamah

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Fish & Fisheries

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Sustainable agriculture intensification is an urgent challenge in developing countries including Tanzania. One potential solution is to adopt farming systems that increase farm production by optimizing resource use efficiency, and integrated aquaculture system, which involves farming of fish and crops, is an example of such systems. This study investigated the impact of Integrated agriculture and aquaculture (IAA) farming on water use efficiency, fish and vegetable production and overall system profitability, and how these parameters are affected by fish stocking densities. Oreochromis niloticus (2.5 g average initial weight) were cultured at low stocking density (five fish m−3, LSD), medium stocking density (eight fish m−3, MSD), and high stocking density (12 fish m−3, HSD) for 205 days. Brassica rapa pekinensis and Amaranthus hybridus cultivated adjacent to the fish tanks were irrigated with; (i) fish tank water, without any fertilizer inputs; (ii) fish tank water, partially fertilized; (iii) tap water, fully fertilized (farmers’ practice); and (iv) tap water without any fertilizer inputs. Although the use of tank water from the high fish stocking density resulted in significantly higher vegetable yield, high fish stocking resulted in lower fish growth, profitability and water use efficiency compared to the other fish stocking densities, probably because of low survival rates (28%) at high stocking densities. The integration of fish at a medium stocking density with vegetables resulted in significantly higher net income than when fish and vegetables were grown separately.

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Migration and intensification of water conflicts in the Pangani Basin, Tanzania

Cited by 67 publications

References 3 publications

The Chagga people and environmental changes on Mount Kilimanjaro: Lessons to learn

The Chagga people and environmental changes on Mount Kilimanjaro: Lessons to learn

Nüfus dinamikleri, çevre ve sürdürülebilirlik

Integration of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and vegetables (Amaranthus hybridus and Brassica rapa pekinensis) for improved production, water use efficiency and nutrient recycling

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