Migration and dependency: Sources and levels of income in KwaZulu∗

Nattrass, Jill; May, Julian

doi:10.1080/03768358608439269

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Such barriers include high transaction costs (Fenwick & Lyne, 1998;Makhura, 2001), a shortage of quality labour (Nattrass & May, 1986), poor liquidity, including low cash income and limited access to credit and saving facilities (Christensen, 1993;Udry, 1995), a dearth of information (Delgado, 1996), tenure insecurity (Thomson & Lyne, 1993) and weak growth linkages . Groenewald (1993) maintains that a lack of entrepreneurship, expertise, tenure security, access to product and factor markets, small farm size and inappropriate technology are the major bottlenecks to modernisation in Third World agriculture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An empirical analysis of factors affecting the growth of small-scale poultry enterprises in KwaZulu-Natal

Wynne¹,

Lyne²

2003

Development Southern Africa

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Small-scale commercial poultry enterprises are often promoted and used by the government and non-governmental organisations in development projects to generate income and to improve food self-sufficiency and alleviate malnutrition, as poultry is an excellent source of protein. This study shows that the majority of small-scale commercial poultry producers in KwaZulu-Natal come from previously disadvantaged communities and have significantly lower enterprise growth rates than larger poultry producers. The results of a block-recursive regression analysis of data gathered from a sample of 123 poultry farmers in the province indicate that enterprise growth rate is constrained by poor access to credit, high transaction costs and unreliable local markets. Government policies should focus on reducing transaction costs by improving education and physical infrastructure, sponsoring training and mentoring services for small-scale commercial poultry producers, and helping these emerging entrepreneurs to formalise the business institutions needed to manage co-owned resources and to market products collectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An empirical analysis of factors affecting the growth of small-scale poultry enterprises in KwaZulu-Natal

Wynne¹,

Lyne²

2003

Development Southern Africa

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“…During the 1980s, 75 percent of Africans lived in rural areas while the poverty headcount was reported at 43 percent of the total population, most of whom were African (Nattrass & May, 1986). By 1995, the national poverty headcount was at 58 percent with a marginal decline from 68 percent to 67 percent for Africans (Ozler, 2007 The country has made progress in reducing poverty, both in monetary terms and in multidimensional forms of deprivation (Posel & Rogan, 2009.…”

Section: Socio-economic Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

The threshold effects of household indebtedness on multidimensional poverty

Ntsalaze

Ikhide

2017

IJSE

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DeclarationBy submitting this dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification.This dissertation includes two published and one accepted but not yet published original papers in peer-reviewed international journals. The fourth paper representing chapter eight is ready for submission for peer review. The development and writing of the papers (published and unpublished) were the principal responsibility of myself and, for each of the cases where this is not the case, a declaration is included in the dissertation indicating the nature and extent of the contributions of co-authors. AbstractGlobal household indebtedness has reached unprecedented levels over the past few decades.The household sector has had to cope with significant losses in income and wealth as well as the burden of debt service since the beginning of the financial crisis. Research focus on this phenomenon, together with its social implications, has grown. This study uses the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) data to empirically investigate the effects of household debt on multidimensional poverty. This was achieved through four independent research papers meant to address different angles of the subject. Chapter 5 provides a snapshot of the prevalence of over-indebtedness, using various international indicators and the National Credit Regulator (NCR) indicator, and describes which households are over-indebted. A total of eight percent of South African households are overindebted, and 61.4 percent of those households are found in the lowest income category (R0 -R2 000), spending more than 45 percent of their household income on debt repayments, which is beyond levels that are considered sustainable. The alarming revelation is that, according to the unsecured debt indicator, 15.2 percent of households are over-indebted, while 11 percent of households are driven below the relative income poverty line after making debt repayments. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za 3The racial distribution indicates that households headed by Africans are overrepresented (79%).Most over-indebted households are found amongst those who own their places of residence (78.6%), do not receive government grants (71.7%), are male (53.8%), and have an unemployed household head (53.5%).Chapter 6 examines the presence of thresholds in the debt-poverty nexus at micro level, i.e. the tipping point above which debt is associated with more multidimensional poverty. By applying the Generalised Additive Model (GAM) using regression splines, the study finds the existence of critical tipping points between household debt service-to-income ratio and multidimensional poverty along with other explanatory variables (age...

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“…In 1972, the Study Project on Christianity in Apartheid Society (Spro-cas) reported that 77 percent of all African families lay below the MLL, and in 1984 Simkins estimated that around 66 percent of Africans were poor (Spro-cas 1972; Simkins 1984). As a newly graduated junior researcher in 1983 I also used the HSL in my first co-authored research papers to estimate that around 75 percent of Africans in rural KwaZulu were below this poverty threshold, similar to that reported in rural Transkei by others in this cohort of new poverty researchers to which I have since belonged (Nattrass and May 1986).…”

Section: Financial Povertymentioning

confidence: 87%